PSI - Issue 24

Alessandro Pirondi et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 24 (2019) 455–469 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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finite element model should be developed. Future work is also foreseen to include in the objective function the SMA wires actuation force necessary to obtain the snap of the laminate to its second stable shape. Conclusions An efficient modelling technique for the asymmetric, bi -stable composite laminates becomes even more significant when the possibility of actuation by SMA wires is introduced. In this work it has been demonstrated how models with an increasing degree of sophistication work in modelling a SMAC plate initial deflection and snap through behavior. It has also been underlined that a design optimization technique is needed (and it has been developed) to find the suitable design variables for a given initial out-of-plane deflection, without having prior knowledge about a “good initial guess”. The comparison between the outcomes of the optimization and FE analysis of the corresponding SMAC layup confirms the procedure developed in this work as a fast and reliable tool to estimate the optimal design of SMAC bi-stable laminates subjected to an initial deflection constraint. Acknowledgements The work was done under the funding of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) PRIN 2015 project "Smart Composite Laminates". References Betts, D.N., 2012. Modelling and optimization of bistable composite laminates. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bath, Bath, England. Birman, V., Chandrashekhara, K., Sain, S., 1996. An approach to optimization of shape memory alloy hybrid composite plates subjected to low velocity impact. Composites Part B: Engineering 27, 439 – 446. B ü scher, A., Radespiel, R., Streit, T., 2006. Modelling and design of wing tip device at various flight condition using a databased aerodynamic prediction tool. Aerospace Science and Technology 10, 668 – 678. Dano, M.-L., Hyer, M.W., 2003. SMA-induced snap-through of unsymmetric fiber-reinforced composite laminates. International Journal of Solids and Structures 40, 5949 – 5972. Falcã, L., Gomes, A., Suleman, A., 2009. Morphing Wingtip Devices Based on Multistable Composites, RTO-MP-AVT-168 – NATO Research and Technology Organisation Applied Vehicle Technology Panel Symposium on Morphing Vehicles. Évora, Portugal, 1 – 12. Gandhi, Y., Pirondi, A., Collini, L., 2018. Analysis of bistable composite laminate with embedded SMA actuators. In Proceedings of the 47th AIAS International Conference on Stress Analysis, Reggio Calabria, Italy. Gandhi, Y., Pirondi, A., Collini, L., 2019. Optimal Design of Shape Memory Alloy Composite under Deflection Constraint. Materials 12(11), 1733 1754. Hassanli, S., Samali, B., 2016. Buckling analysis of laminated composite curved panels reinforced with linear and non-linear distribution of Shape Memory Alloys. Thin-Walled Structures 106, 9 – 17. Hyer, M.W,. 1981a. Calculations of the room-temperature shapes of unsymmetric laminates. Journal of Composite Materials 15, 296 – 310. Hyer, M.W., 1981b. Some observations on the cured shape of thin unsymmetric laminates. Journal of Composite Materials 15, 175 – 194. Jacot, A., Ruggeri, R., Clingman, D., 2006. Shape memory alloy device and control method. U.S. Patent 7,037,076. Jun, W.J., Hong, C.S., 1990. Effect of Residual Shear Strain on the Cured Shape of Unsymmetric Cross-ply Thin Laminates. Journal of Composite Materials 38, 55 – 67. Jung, B.-S., Kim, M.-S., Kim, Y.-M., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Fabrication of smart structure using shape memory alloy wire embedded hybrid composite. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 41, 320 – 324. Koiter, W.T., 1945. On the Stability of Elastic Equilibrium. Ph.D. dissertation, Polytechnic Institute Delft, Holland [English Translation, NASA TTF - 10833, 1967]. Kudva, J.N., 2004. Overview of the DARPA smart wing project. JIMSS 15, 261 – 267. Lachenal, X., Daynes, S., Weaver, P.M., 2013. Review of morphing concepts and material for wind turbine blade application. In: Wind Energy 16, 283 – 307. Lagoudas D., Bo Z., Qidwai M., Entchev P., 2003. SMA_UM: User Material Subroutine for Thermomechanical Constitutive Model of Shape Memory Alloys. Texas A&M University: College Station, TX, USA. Lagoudas D.C., 2008. Shape Memory Alloys: Modeling and Engineering Applications, Springer, Berlin. Niknami, A., Shariyat, M., 2017. Influence of the heat generation on the phase transformations and impact responses of composite plates with embedded SMA wires. Journal of Computational & Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering 6, 13 – 26. Nocedal, J., Wright, S., 1999. In Numerical Optimization, 2nd. ed.. Springer, New York, NY, USA, 526 – 569. Qidwai, M., Lagoudas, D., 2000. Numerical implementation of a shape memory alloy thermomechanical constitutive model using return mapping algorithms. IJNME 47, 1123 – 1168.