PSI - Issue 24

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Int grity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

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Procedia Structural Integrity 24 (2019) 455–469

© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the AIAS2019 organizers © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the AIAS2019 organizers However, when a bi-stable composite plate is integrated with SMA wires (Shap Memory Alloy Composit , SMAC), the id ntification of design parameters, namely laminate size and layup, composite elastic constants, SMA wires number and thermomechanical behavi r, SMAC manufacturing cycle, is not straightforward. The present work scribed the strategies developed by the authors to model and optimize a SMAC subjected to bi-stability and post-manufacturing deflection requirements. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an ope access article under t CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the AIAS2019 organizers AIAS 2019 International Conference on Stress Analysis Strategies for modelling and optimization of bi-stable composite laminates actuated by embedded Shape Memory Alloy wires Alessandro Pirondi a *, Yogesh Gandhi a , Luca Collini a a Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 181/A, Parma 43124, Italy Shape-adaptive or morphing capability is regarded as significant to increase aerodynamic performance of airfoils employed in aerospace, wind turbines or race cars, while at the same time reducing the number of moving parts. The inherent bistable behavior of asymmetric cross-ply composites makes them as a suitable candidate for morphing applications with a small energy input, and an efficient way to switch between the two equilibrium configurations is given by embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. However, when a bi-stable composite plate is integrated with SMA wires (Shape Memory Alloy Composite, SMAC), the identification of design parameters, namely laminate size and layup, composite elastic constants, SMA wires number and thermomechanical behavior, SMAC manufacturing cycle, is not straightforward. The present work described the strategies developed by the authors to model and optimize a SMAC subjected to bi-stability and post-manufacturing deflection requirements. AIAS 2019 International Conference on Stress Analysis Strategies for modelling and optimization of bi-stable composite laminates actuated by embedded Shape Memory Alloy wires Alessandro Pirondi a *, Yogesh Gandhi a , Luca Collini a a Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 181/A, Parma 43124, Italy Abstract Shape-adaptive or morphing apability is regarded as significant to increase a rodynamic performance of airfoils employed in aerospace, wind turbines or race cars, while at the same time reducing the nu ber of moving parts. The inherent bistable behavior of asymmetric cross-ply composites makes them as a suitable candidate for morphing applications with a small energy input, and an efficient way to switch between the two equilibrium configurations is given by embedded shape mem ry alloy ( ) wires. Abstract

Keywords: bistable structure; shape memory alloy composite (SMAC); numerical modelling; optimization. Keywords: bistable structure; shape memory alloy composite (SMAC); numerical modelling; optimization.

1. Introduction 1. Introduction

Morphing structures are of interest in aerospace (Kudva (2005)) and wind turbines (Lachenal et al. (2013), as they can take benefit of the shape change to increase performance and efficiency. Other examples are reported in the work of Falcã et al. (2009), B ü scher et al. (2006), Strelec et al. (2003) and Jacot et al. (2006), where in this latter SMA torque tubes were used to vary the twist of rotor blades. Asymmetric Composite Laminates (ACLs) are a convenient Morphing structures are of interest in aerospace (Kudva (2005)) and wind turbines (Lachenal et al. (2013), as they can take benefit of the shape change to increase performance and efficiency. Other examples are reported in the work of Falcã et al. (2009), B ü scher et al. (2006), Strelec et al. (2003) and Jacot et al. (2006), where in this latter SMA torque tubes were used to vary the twist of rotor blades. Asymmetric Composite Laminates (ACLs) are a convenient

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-0521-905885. E-mail address: alessandro.pirondi@unipr.it * Correspon ing author. Tel.: +39-0521-905885. E-mail address: alessandro.pirondi@unipr.it

2452-3216 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the AIAS2019 organizers 2452-3216 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an ope acces article under CC BY-NC-ND lic nse (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Peer-review under responsibility of the AIAS2019 organizers

2452-3216 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the AIAS2019 organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2020.02.042