PSI - Issue 2_B

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com Sci ceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 2 (2016) 2238–2245 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 ScienceDirect

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy On the influence of Mn and Mg additions on tensile properties, microstructure and quality index of the A356 aluminum foundry alloy Annalisa Fortini 1, *, Mattia Merlin 1 , Elettra Fabbri 1 , Stefano Pirletti 2 , Gian Luca Garagnani 1 1 Metallurgy Research Group, Engineering Department in Ferrara (ENDIF), via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44122, Italy 2 Mario Mazzucconi Foundry, via Mazzini 10, Ponte San Pietro 24036, Italy Abstract In Al-Si alloys, Fe is present as an inevitable impurity element, which mainly precipitates in the form of β-Fe or α-Fe crystals. While the latter usually has polyhedral or Chinese script morphology, the platelet-like shape of the β-Fe phases acts as a stress raiser and can also increase the amount of porosity. To inhibit the formation of this detrimental phase, several elements act as neutralizers of the embrittling effects of Fe and, among them, Mn is the most widely used. Mg strongly affects the mechanical properties and the formation of Fe-bearing phases. In the present work, a series of A356 aluminum foundry alloys with several combinations of Mn/Fe ratios and Mg contents were studied. To investigate the effect of Mn additions, five alloys with constant Fe and Mg content and increasing Mn/Fe ratios, from 0.37 wt. % to 1.11 wt. %, were considered. Moreover, four alloys with reduced Mg amounts p to 0.25 wt. % were evaluated. Tensile samples were mach ned from permanent mold castings and T6 hea - treated. The influ nce of the alloying eleme ts on the mechanical properties w r compared to microst uctural observations. The results indicate that increasing the Mn/Fe ratios does not result in a significant increase of the te sile propert es of the alloys. Conversely, the reduction of the Mg amounts leads to the decrease of yiel stress, ulti ate ensile st ngth and hardnes comb ned with an increase in the elongation to fracture. Finally, the quality index approach was used to xpress th quality of the castings as a function of their ductility, yield strength and strain hardening ability. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy On the influence of Mn and Mg additions on tensile properties, microstructure and quality index of the A356 aluminum foundry alloy Annalisa Fortini 1, *, Mattia Merlin 1 , Elettr Fabbri 1 , Stefano Pirletti 2 , Gian Luca Garagnani 1 1 Metallurgy Research Group, Engineering Department in Ferrara (ENDIF), via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44122, Italy 2 Mario Mazzucconi Foundry, via Mazzini 10, Ponte San Pietro 24036, Italy Abstract In Al-Si alloys, Fe is present as an inevitable impurity element, which mainly precipitates in the form of β-Fe or α-Fe crystals. While the latter usually has polyhedral or Chinese script morphology, the platelet-like shape of the β-Fe phases acts as a stress raiser and can also increase the amount of porosity. To inhibit the formation of this detrimental phase, several elements act as neutralizers of the mbrittling effects of Fe and, among them, Mn is the most widely used. Mg strongly affects the mechanical properties and the formation of Fe-bearing phases. In the present work, a series of A356 aluminum foundry alloys with several combinations of Mn/Fe ratios and Mg contents were studied. To investigate the effect of Mn additions, five alloys with constant Fe and Mg content and increasing Mn/Fe ratios, from 0.37 wt. % to 1.11 wt. %, were considered. Moreover, four alloys with reduced Mg amounts up to 0.25 wt. % were evaluated. Tensile samples were machined from permanent mold castings and T6 heat treated. The influence of the alloying elements on the mechanical properties were compared to microstructural observations. The results indicate that increasing the Mn/Fe ratios does not result in a significant increase of the tensile properties of the alloys. Conversely, the reduction of the Mg amounts leads to the decrease of yield stress, ultimate tensile strength and hardness combined with an increase in the elongation to fracture. Finally, the quality index approach was used to express the quality of the castings as a function of their ductility, yield strength and strain hardening ability. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Th s is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 0532 974914; fax: +39 0532 974870. E-mail address: annalisa.fortini@unife.it * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 0532 974914; fax: +39 0532 974870. E-mail address: annalisa.fortini@unife.it

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.280