PSI - Issue 2_B

Idris K. Mohammed et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016) 326–333 Author name / StructuralIntegrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000

333

8

influenced by the added drug: the added 16% wt of ciclopirox resulted a significantly higher peeling force being required to remove the patch ; and a high peel force is typically associated with an increased ‘pain - level’ being experienced by the patient when the drug-loaded patch is removed. In the future, peel testing and modeling of drug loaded patches on artificial and human nail beds will be performed.

Acknowledgements

The authors would wish to thank the EPSRC, UK (EP/I009493/1) for financial support and Henkel for supplying the pressure sensitive adhesive. We also wish to express our thanks to Dr. Sudax Murdan and Dr. Khalida Rizi from the UCL School of Pharmacy for their advice with specimen preparation and substrate selection.

References

Blackman, B.R.K., Hadavinia, H., Kinloch, A.J. and Williams, J.G., 2003. The use of a cohesive zone model to study the fracture of fibre composites and adhesively-bonded joints. International Journal of Fracture, 119(1), 25-46. Chiang, W.K., Ghassemieh, E., Lewis, R., Rowson, J. and Thompson, C., 2010. Comparison of tack of pressure-sensitive Adhesives (PSAs) at different temperatures. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 24(11-12), 1949-1957. Chivers, R.A., 2001. Easy removal of pressure sensitive adhesives for skin applications. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 21(5), 381-388. Creton, C., 2003. Pressure-sensitive adhesives: an introductory course. MRS bulletin, 28(06), 434-439. Cui, J., Wang, R., Sinclair, A.N. and Spelt, J.K., 2003. A calibrated finite element model of adhesive peeling. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 23(3), 199-206. Diehl, T., 2008. On using a penalty-based cohesive-zone finite element approach, Part II: Inelastic peeling of an epoxy-bonded aluminum strip. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 28(4), 256-265. Goh, S.M., Charalambides, M.N. and Williams, J.G., 2004. Determination of the constitutive constants of non-linear viscoelastic materials. Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, 8(3), 255-268. Hadavinia, H., Kawashita, L., Kinloch, A.J., Moore, D.R. and Williams, J.G., 2006. A numerical analysis of the elastic-plastic peel test. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 73(16), 2324-2335. Kendall, K., 1975. Thin-film peeling-the elastic term. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 8(13), 1449. Kinloch, A.J., Kodokian, G.K.A. and Watts, J.F., 1992. The adhesion of thermoplastic fibre composites. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 338(1649), 83-112. Martiny, P., Lani, F., Kinloch, A.J. and Pardoen, T., 2008. Numerical analysis of the energy contributions in peel tests: A steady-state multilevel finite element approach. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 28(4), 222-236. Mohammed, I.K., Charalambides, M.N. and Kinloch, A.J., 2015. Modelling the interfacial peeling of pressure-sensitive adhesives. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 222, 141-150. Mohammed, I.K., Charalambides, M.N. and Kinloch, A.J., 2016. Modeling the effect of rate and geometry on peeling and tack of pressure sensitive adhesives. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics. Moore, D.R., 2008. An introduction to the special issue on peel testing. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 28(4), 153-157. Moore, D.R. and Williams, J.G., 2010. A protocol for determination of the adhesive fracture toughness of flexible laminates by peel testing: fixed arm and T-peel methods. ESIS Protocol, 11. Murdan, S., Poojary, C., Patel, D.R., Fernandes, J., Haman, A., Saundh, P.S. and Sheikh, Z., 2012. In vivo measurement of the surface energy of human fingernail plates. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 34(3), 257-262. Plaut, R.H., 2010. Two-dimensional analysis of peeling adhesive tape from human skin. The Journal of Adhesion, 86(11), 1086-1110. Sauer, R.A., 2011. Enriched contact finite elements for stable peeling computations. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 87(6), 593-616. Tan, H.S. and Pfister, W.R., 1999. Pressure-sensitive adhesives for transdermal drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Today, 2(2), 60-69. Taylor, D., 2008. The theory of critical distances. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 75(7), 1696-1705. Venkatraman, S. and Gale, R., 1998. Skin adhesives and skin adhesion: 1. Transdermal drug delivery systems. Biomaterials, 19(13), 1119-1136. Wei, Y. and Hutchinson, J.W., 1998. Interface strength, work of adhesion and plasticity in the peel test Recent Advances in Fracture Mechanics. 93, 315-333. Williams, J.G. and Hadavinia, H., 2002. Analytical solutions for cohesive zone models. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 50(4), 809-825.