PSI - Issue 2_B

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. Muneeb Ejaz a, ∗ , Catrin M. Davies a , David W. Dean b a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK b EDF Energy Generation Ltd., Barnwood, Gloucester GL4 3RS, UK 4 V ( 1 2 CMV) steel has been used in high temperature power plant piping due to its enhanced weld properties. Creep crack growth testing has been performed on compact tension C(T) specimens of 1 2 CMV (low alloy ferritic) teel t 540 ◦ C on both p rent metal specimens as well as fine and coarse grained heat a ff ected zone (HAZ) specimens, where the initial crack is located within the HAZ. The data has been interpreted using the fracture mechanics parameter C ∗ against the crack growth rate. The creep toughness parameter, K c mat , is also evaluated for the material. It was seen that, for a given C ∗ value, the fine grained HAZ material generally exhibits higher crack growth rates than the post weld heat treated coarse grained HAZ. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: creep crack growth; 1 2 CMV; K c mat ; Weldments; Heat a ff ected zone (HAZ) 1. Introduction 1 2 Cr 1 2 Mo 1 4 V ( 1 2 CMV) low alloy steel has been widely used in steam piping for convention power stations, partic ularly in the UK. With aging plants becoming an ever increasing issue, it is important that the failure mechanisms in the power-plant components are understood and can be predicted. Creep failure mechanisms are predominant in high temperature plant components, and with a number of the components defected, it is important that the creep crack initiation (CCI) and growth (CCG) behaviour of these components are characterised. Intergranular creep cracks are often form d in the heat a ff ected zone (HAZ) of welded joints in 1 2 CMV, hence it is vital that the CCG behaviour of the HAZ in addition to parent materials be determined. In this work, CCG data from the 1 2 CMV parent a d HAZ programmes at EDF Energy (Baker and Gladwin, 2004) have been analysed. Data was obtained from tests carried out on compact tension C(T) specimens at 540 ◦ C. The method of analysis and validation follows that outlined in ASTM E 1457 (ASTM, 2015). The suitability of the, C ∗ , parameter to characterise CCG rates is assessed. In addition, due to the increased recognition of the time depen dent failure assessment diagram (TDFAD) approach for the prediction of CCI (BEGL, 2003), the creep toughness parameter, K c mat , has been evaluated at given crack extensions of 0.2 and 0.5 mm. Interpretation of creep crack growth data for 1 2 CMV steel weldments Muneeb Ejaz a, ∗ , Catrin M. Davies a , David W. Dean b a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK b EDF Energy Generation Ltd., Barnwood, Gloucester GL4 3RS, UK Abstract 1 2 Cr 1 2 Mo 1 4 V ( 1 2 CMV) steel has been used in high temperature power plant piping due to its enhanced weld properties. Creep crack growth testing has be performed on compact tension C(T) specimens of 1 2 CMV (low alloy ferritic) steel at 540 ◦ C on both parent metal specimens as well as fine and coarse grained heat a ff ected zone (HAZ) specimens, where the initial crack is located within the HAZ. The data has been interpreted using the fracture mechanics parameter C ∗ against the crack growth rate. The creep toughness parameter, K c mat , is also evaluated for the material. It was seen that, for a given C ∗ value, the fine grained HAZ material generally exhibits higher crack growth rates than the post weld heat treated coarse grained HAZ. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. P er-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: creep crack growth; 1 2 CMV; K c mat ; Weldments; Heat a ff ected zone (HAZ) 1. Introduction 1 2 Cr 1 2 Mo 1 4 V ( 1 2 CMV) low alloy steel h s be idely use in steam piping fo co v ntion power stations, partic ularly in the UK. With aging plants becoming an ever increasing issue, it is important that the failure mechanisms in the power-plant components are understood and can be predicted. Creep failure mechanisms are predominant in high temperature plant components, and with a number of the components defected, it is important that the creep crack initiation (CCI) and growth (CCG) behaviour of these components are characterised. Intergranular creep cracks are often formed in the heat a ff ected zone (HAZ) of welded joints in 1 2 CMV, hence it is vital that the CCG behaviour of the HAZ in addition to parent materials be determined. In this work, CCG data from the 1 2 CMV parent and HAZ programmes at EDF Energy (Baker and Gladwin, 2004) have been analysed. Data was obtained from tests carried out on compact tension C(T) specimens at 540 ◦ C. The method of analysis and validation follows that outlined in ASTM E 1457 (ASTM, 2015). The suitability of the, C ∗ , parameter to characterise CCG rates is assessed. In addition, due to the increased recognition of the time depen dent failure assessment diagram (TDFAD) approach for the prediction of CCI (BEGL, 2003), the creep toughness parameter, K c mat , has been evaluated at given crack extensions of 0.2 and 0.5 mm. Interpretation of creep crack gro th data for 1 2 CMV steel eld ents Muneeb Ejaz a, ∗ , Catrin M. Davies a , avid . ean b a Department of echanical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK b EDF Energy Gen rat on Ltd., Barnwood, Glouceste GL4 3RS, UK Abstract 1 2 Cr 1 2 Mo 1 4 V ( 1 2 CMV) steel has been used in high temperature power plant piping due to its enhanced weld properties. Creep crack growth testing has been performed on compact tension C(T) specimens of 1 2 CMV (low alloy ferritic) steel at 540 ◦ C on both parent metal specimens as well as fine and coarse grained heat a ff ected zone (HAZ) specimens, where the initial crack is located within the HAZ. The data has been interpreted using the fracture mechanics parameter C ∗ against the crack growth rate. The creep toughness parameter, K c mat , is also evaluated for the material. It was seen that, for a given C ∗ v lue, the fine grained HAZ material generally exhibits higher crack growth rates than the post weld heat treated coarse grained HAZ. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: creep crack growth; 1 2 CMV; K c mat ; Weld ents; Heat a ff ected zone (HAZ) 1. Introduction 1 2 Cr 1 2 Mo 1 4 V ( 1 2 CMV) low alloy steel has been widely used in steam piping for convention power stations, partic ularly in the UK. ith aging plants becoming an ever increasing issue, it is imp rtant that the failure mechanisms in the power-plant components re unders ood and can b predict d. Creep failure mechanisms are predo inant in high temperature plant compo ents, and with a number of the components defected, it is important that the creep crack initiation (CCI) and growth (CCG) behaviour of these components are characterised. Intergranular creep cracks are often formed in the heat a ff ected zone (HAZ) of welded joints in 1 2 CMV, hence it is vital that the CCG behaviour of the HAZ in addition to parent materials be determined. In this work, CCG data from the 1 2 CMV parent and HAZ programmes at EDF Energy (Baker and Gladwin, 2004) have been analysed. Data was obtained from tests carried out on co pact tension C(T) specimens at 540 ◦ C. The method of analysis and validation follows that outlined in ASTM E 1457 (ASTM, 2015). The suitability of the, C ∗ , parameter to characterise CCG rates is assessed. In addition, due to the increased recognition of the time depen dent failure assessment diagram (TDFAD) approach for the prediction of CCI (BEGL, 2003), the creep toughness parameter, K c mat , has been evaluated at given crack extensions of 0.2 and 0.5 mm. Copyright © 2016 Th Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Th s is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Co mittee of ECF21. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Interpretation of creep crack growth data for 1 2 CMV steel weldments Abstract 1 2 Cr 1 2 Mo 1

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt ∗ Muneeb Ejaz. E-mail address: muneeb.ejaz09@imperial.ac.uk ∗ Muneeb Ejaz. E-mail address: muneeb.ejaz09@imperial.ac.uk

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.116 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. ∗ Muneeb Ejaz. E-mail address: muneeb.ejaz09@imperial.ac.uk 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. e r-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.