PSI - Issue 2_B

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com cienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 2 (2016) 1039–1046 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Ultrasonic fatigue testing of thin MP35N alloy wire M. Fitzka a,* , D. Catoor b , D. Irrasch a , M. Reiterer b , H. Mayer a a Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria b Medtronic plc., Core Technologies, Corporate Science and Technology, Minneapolis, USA MP35N (35 % Co, 35 % Ni, 20 % Cr, 10 % Mo; weight fraction) in the form of thin wires (100 µm diameter) is commonly used as conductors in c diac leads, which require excellent corrosion resistance a d high fatigue trength, in particular in the very-high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime. This becomes apparent when one assumes a typical adult human heart rate of 72 beats per minute, which over 10 years of implant deployment will roughly yield 3.8 × 10 8 cycles. Tensile properties of MP35N wire are considerably enhanced through extensive cold-working. Static strength of the material is in the range of 2 GPa (Prasad et al., 2014). Fatigue testing of very thin wires is time consuming with conventional fatigue testing methods. In earlier investigations (Prasad et al., 2014) the wire was stressed at a cyclic frequency of 30 Hz in monotonic loading tests, which would require about 193 days for one single specimen to complete 5 × 10 8 cycles. A complete characterization of a material’s fatigue properties however requires many specimens to be tested well into the VHCF regime, calling for an accelerated testing method, especially with regard to development of new implant materials. For the first time, a method to test thin wires with the ultrasonic fatigue testing method is presented. Rather than vibrating in resonance as in conventional ultrasonic fatigue tests, the wire is stressed with cyclic tension loads. Results of fatigue tests at a cycling frequency of around 20 kHz up to lifetimes of 10 9 cycles at load ratio ܴ = 0.3 are shown. The influence of secondary phase particles on crack initiation is discussed. Microstructural observations and lifetimes measured at 30 Hz from earlier studies and 20 kHz are compared and discussed. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committe of ECF21. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Ultrasonic fatigue testing of thin MP35N alloy wire M. Fitzka a,* , D. Catoor b , D. Irrasch a , M. Reiterer b , H. Mayer a a Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria b Medtronic plc., Core Technologies, Corporate Science and Technology, Minneapolis, USA Abstract MP35N (35 % Co, 35 % Ni, 20 % Cr, 10 % Mo; weight fraction) in the form of thin wires (100 µm diameter) is commonly used as conductors in cardiac leads, which require excellent corrosion resistance and high fatigue strength, in particular in the ver -high cy le fatigue (VHCF) regime. This becomes appar t when one assumes a typical adult human heart rate of 72 beats per minute, which over 10 years of implant deployment will roughly yield 3.8 × 10 8 cycles. Tensile properties of MP35N wire are considerably enhanced through extensive cold-w rking. Static strength of the material is in the range of 2 GPa (Prasad et al., 2014). Fatigue testing of ve y thin wires s time consuming with onve tional fatigue t sting met ods. In arlier investig tions (Prasad et al., 2014) he wire was stressed at a cyclic freq ency of 30 Hz in monotonic loading tests, which would requir about 193 day for one single sp cim n to complete 5 × 10 8 cycles. A complete characterizati n of a material’s fatigue prop rties however requires many s t be test d well into the VHCF regime, calling f r an ccelerated testing method, s ecially wit regard to develop ent of new implant mat rials. For the first tim , a method to test thin wires with he ultras nic fatigue testing method is present d. Rather than vibrating in resonanc as in conventional ultrasonic fatigue tests, the wire is stressed with cyclic tension loads. R sults of fatigue tests at a cycling frequency of around 20 kHz up to lifetimes of 10 9 cycles at load ratio ܴ = 0.3 are shown. The influence secondary phase particles on crack initiation is discussed. Microstructural obs rvati ns and lifetimes measured at 30 Hz from earlier studies and 20 kHz are compared and discussed. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under respons bility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: Ultrasonic fatigue testing; Very-high cycle fatigue; MP35N; thin wire testing Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review und r responsibility of the Scientific Committe of ECF21. Abstract

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: Ultrasonic fatigue testing; Very-high cycle fatigue; MP35N; thin wire testing

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +43-1-47654-5164. E-mail address: michael.fitzka@boku.ac.at * Corresponding author. Tel.: +43-1-47654-5164. E-mail address: michael.fitzka@boku.ac.at

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.133