PSI - Issue 2_B

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 2 (2016) 3654–3659 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDir ct StructuralIntegrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect StructuralIntegrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Risk Based Approach to Integrity Assessment of a Large Spherical Pressure Vessel Aleksandar Sedmak a , Snezana Kirin b , Tamara Golubovic a , Slobodan Mitrovic c , Petar Stanojevic b a Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Kraljice Marije 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia b Innovation Center of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kraljice Marije 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia c Electropower Industry of Serbia, EPS, Serbia Abstract The risk based approach has been applied, in its simplest form, i.e. by using the risk matrix to illustrate how the water proof test can shift risk from high to very high level in the case of large spherical pressure vessel (ammonia storage tank). Having in mind the basic definition of risk, being the product of the probability and consequence, and fixing the consequence at the highest level, only probability of unfavourable event (leakage and/or failure) has been evaluated. Toward this end, the failure assessment diagram (FAD) has been used here as another simple engineering tool to estimate probability of the failure, as the function of the position of the operating point, i.e. defining probability as the ratio between the distance of the operating point from the zero point, and the appropriate distance between the point on the limiting curve and zero point. This simple engineering tool to assess structural integrity showed clearly that water proof test is not always recommended, because it disregards possible stable growth of cracks, which might reach critical size for unstable growth, i.e. it does not prove that failure will not happen in future under the same conditions. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 1. Introduction Risk based approach is usually explained by the risk matrix, Fig. 1, using the simple definition of risk (product of probability and consequence). In the case of large pressure vessels, containing ammonia, this is even simpler task, since the consequence category is certainly the highest, thus reducing risk assessment to the probability category. Anyhow, there is still a question if one use the simple option (probability, which can be defined using previous experience, e.g. as the number of events in certain period of time, divided by the total number of pressure vessels operating in the same period of time) or more complicated one (e.g. API procedure, (American Petroleum Institute, 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Risk Based Approach to Integrity Assessment of a Large Spherical Pressure Vessel Aleksandar Sedmak a , Snezana Kirin b , Tamara Golubovic a , Slobodan Mitrovic c , Petar Stanojevic b a Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Kraljice Marije 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia b Innovation C nter of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, raljice arije 16, 11000 elgrade, Serbia c Electropower Industry of Serbia, EPS, Serbia Abstract The risk based approach has been applied, in its simplest form, i.e. by using the risk matrix to illustrate how the water proof test can shift risk from high to very high level i the case of large spherical pressur vessel (ammonia storage tank). H ving in mind the basic definition of risk, b ing the product of the pr bability and consequenc , and fixing the consequence at the highest level, only probability f unfavourable event (leakage and/o failure) h s been eval ated. Toward this nd, th failur ssessment diagram (FAD) has been used here as anoth r simple enginee ing tool to estimate probability of the failure as the function of the position of the operating point, i.e. defi ing p obabi ity as th ratio betwe n the distance of he operating point from the zero point, and the appropriate distance betwe n the point on he limiting curve and zero point. This simple engineering tool to assess structural integrity showed clearly that wat r proof test is not always ecommended, because it disregards poss ble stable growth of cracks, which might r ach critical size fo unstable grow h, i.e. it does not prove that failure will not happen in future under the same conditions. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under espons bility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: Risk based approach; structural integrity assessment; large pressure vessel 1. Int oductio Risk based approach is usually explained by the risk matrix, Fig. 1, using the simple definition of risk (product of probability and consequence). In the c se of larg pressure vessels, containing a monia, th s is even simpler task, since the co sequence category is cert inly the high t, thus reducing risk assess ent to t e probability category. A yhow, ther is still a question if one use the simple option (probab lity, which can be defined us ng pr vi us experience, .g. as he number f eve ts in certain period of time, divided by t e tot l numb r of pressure vessel operati g in the same period of time) or more complicate ne (e.g. API procedure, (American Petrol um Institute, Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: Risk based approach; structural integrity assessment; large pressure vessel Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review und r responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 2452-3216© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.454