PSI - Issue 2_A

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedirect.com cienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 2 (2016) 581–588 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Detection, characterization and sizing of hydrogen induced cracking in pressur vessels using phased rray ultra onic data processing R. Molica Nardoª*, D. Cernigliaª, P. Lombardoᵇ, S. Pecoraroᵇ, A. Infantino ͨ ª Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, University of Palermo, 90128, viale delle Scieze Ed. 8, Palermo, Italy ᵇ ISAB Refinery srl, ex SS 114 km 146 96010 Priolo Gargallo (SR) Italy ͨ AdES Consulting & Services srl, Via Empedocle Restivo 82, 90144 Palermo, Italy Abstract Pressure vessels operating in sour service conditions in refinery environments can be subject to the risk of H ₂ S cracking resulting from the hydrogen entering into the material. This risk, which is related to the specific working conditions and to the quality of the steel used, shall be properly managed in order to maintain the highest safety at a cost-effective level. Nowadays the ty ical manageme t strategy is based on a risk bas d inspection (RBI) evaluation to define the inspecti plan us d in conjunction with a fitness for service (FFS) approach in defining if the ve sel, although pr s nting dangerous defects such as cracks, can still be consid red “fit for p rpose” for a given time wind w based on pecific fracture mechanics nalysis. These vessels are periodically su ject to non-destructive evaluation, typic lly ultrasonic testing. Phased Array (PA) ultr sonic is the latest technology more and more used for this type of applicati n. This paper presents the design and development of an optimized Phase Array ultrasonic inspection technique for the det ction and sizing of ydrogen induced cracking (HIC) type flaws used as reference for comparis . Materials used, containing natural operational defects, were inspected in “as-service” conditions. Samples have then been inspected by means of a “full matrix capture” (FMC) acquisition process f llowed by “total cu ing method” (TFM) data post processing. FCM-TFM data have be n further post-processed and then used to create a 3D geometrical reconstruction of the volume inspected. Results obtained show the significant improvement that FMC/TFM has over traditional PA inspection techniques oth in terms of sensitivity and resolution for this specific type of defect. Moreover, since the FMC allows for the complete time domain signal to be captured from every element of a linear array probe, the full set of data is available for post-processing. Finally, the possibility to reconstruct the geometry of the component from the scans, including the defects present in its volume, represents the ideal solution for a reliable data transferring process to the engineering function for the subsequent FFS analysis . © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Detection, characterization and sizing of hydrogen induced cracking in pressure vess ls using phased array ultras nic data processing R. Molica Nardoª*, D. Cernigliaª, P. Lombardoᵇ, S. Pecoraroᵇ, A. Infantino ͨ ª Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, University of Palermo, 90128, viale delle Scieze Ed. 8, Palermo, Italy ᵇ ISAB Refin ry s l, ex SS 114 km 146 96010 P iolo Gargallo (SR) Italy ͨ AdES Consulting & Services srl, Via Empedocle Restivo 82, 90144 Palermo, Italy Abstract Pressure vessels operating in sour service conditions in refinery environments can be subject to the risk of H ₂ S cracking resulting from the hydrogen entering into the material. This risk, which is related to the specific working conditions and to the quality of the steel used, shall be properly managed in order to maintain the highest safety at a cost-effective level. N wadays the typical management str t gy is based on a risk based inspection (RBI) evaluation to define the inspection plan used in conjunction with a fitness for service (FFS) approach in defining if the vessel, although presenting dangerous defects such as cracks, can still be considered “fit or purpose” for a given time window based on specific fracture mec anics analysis. These vessels are periodic lly su ject to non-destructive ev lua , typically ultr sonic testin . Phas d Array (PA) ultrasonic is the latest techn logy mor and mor used f r thi type of application. is pap r presents the design and development of an optimized Phased Array ultrasonic ins ection technique for the detection and sizing of hydrog n induced cracking (HIC) type flaws used as ref r nce for comparison. Materials used, con aining natural operational defects, were i specte in “as-service” co dition . Samples have then been insp cted by means of a “full matrix c pture” (FMC) acquisition proc ss followed by “total focusing method” (TFM) data post processing. FCM-TFM data have been furt r pos -processed and then used to c eate a 3D geometrical reconstruction of the volume spected. Results obtained how th sig ificant improveme t that FMC/TFM has over traditional PA inspection techniques b th in terms of sensitiv ty and resolution for this specific ype of defect. Moreover, since the FMC allows for the complete ti e domain signal to be captured from every element of a linear array probe, the full set of data is available for post-pr cessing. Finally, the possibility to reconstruct t geometry of the comp nent from the scans, including the defects pr sent in its volume, represents the ideal solution for a reliable data transferring process to the engineering function for the subsequent FFS analysis . © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access articl under the CC BY-NC-ND lic nse (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 7564654146 E-mail address: rosario.molicanardo@adesndt.com * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 7564654146 E-mail address: rosario.molicanardo@adesndt.com

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.075