PSI - Issue 2_A

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Application of a new cleavage fracture framework to ferritic steels Marc Scibetta a * a SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium Abstract A new Cleavage Fracture Framework (CFF) is developed, within which each model finds a rational location, allowing one to classify models and to know what each model is implicitly assuming or neglecting. This CFF is demonstrated to be a powerful tool to develop adva ced models for ferritic steels, closer to physical phenomena. An example of the application of this framework is developed and results are discussed. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: cleavage fracture; local approach; ferritic steel. 1. Introduction Local approach t fracture (i.e. micromec anical modeling) is an alternative to the global approach to fra ture (i.e. classical fra ture mechanic). It relies on damage or failure criteria defined at the microscale relevant for the failure mechanism. The evaluating f t e local fields (e.g. stress, strain…) head of discontinuities and cra ks in comb nation with loc l failur criteria all ws d riving the failure load nd associate fracture toughness. Par meters to be used in the failure crite ia needs to be obtain from dedic ted experim nts modeling. Loc l approach to cleavag fracture has developed exte sively since the Beremin model, Beremin (1983). This methodology has been particularly successful in addressing issues such as specimen size ef ect, loss of c nstraint typical of s ort cracks, biaxial loadi g, warm pre-str ssing ef ects, tr nsferability from laboratory specimen to structural application… Nomenclature a defect size B thickness B 1T reference one inch thickness BCC Body-Centered Cubic ݂ ௡ ሶ , ݂ ௣Ȁ௡ , ݂ ሶ ௣Ȁ௡௔ , ݂ ௣Ȁ௡௣ , ݂ ሶ ௣Ȁ௡௣௔ conditional probabilities (see Table 1 ) ݂ ఓሬሬԦ ሺ ߤ Ԧሻ  probability density for a defect to be characterized by a microstructural variable F cumulative failure probability of the structure 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Application of a new cleavage fracture framework to ferritic steels Marc Scibetta a * a SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium Abstract A new Cleavage Fracture Framework (CFF) is developed, within which each model finds a rational location, allowing one to classify models a d to know what each model is implicitly assuming or neglecting. This CFF is demonstrated to be a powerful tool to develop advanced models for ferritic steels, closer to physical phenomena. An example of the application of this framework is developed and results are discussed. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: cleavage fracture; local approach; ferritic steel. 1. Introduction Local approach to fracture (i.e. micro echanical modeling) is an alternative to the global approach to fracture (i.e. classical fracture mechanic). It relies on damage or failure criteria defined at the microscale relevant for the failure mechanism. The evaluating of the local fields (e.g. stress, strain…) ahead of discontinuities and cracks in combination with local failure criteria allows deriving the failure load and associate fracture toughness. Parameters to be used in the failure criteria needs to be obtain from dedicated experiments or modeling. Local approach to cleavage fracture has developed extensively since the Beremin model, Beremin (1983). This methodology has been particularly successful in addressing issues such as specimen size effect, loss of constraint typical of short cracks, biaxial loading, warm pre-stressing effects, transferability from laboratory specimen to structural application… Nomenclature a defect size B thickness B 1T reference one inch thickness BCC Body-Centered Cubic ݂ ௡ ሶ , ݂ ௣Ȁ௡ , ݂ ሶ ௣Ȁ௡௔ , ݂ ௣Ȁ௡௣ , ݂ ሶ ௣Ȁ௡௣௔ conditional probabilities (see Table 1 ) ݂ ఓሬሬԦ ሺ ߤ Ԧሻ  probability density for a defect to be characterized by a microstructural variable F cumulative failure probability of the structure 21st uropean Conferen re, ECF21, , , Application of a new cleavage fracture framework to ferritic steels a - , r t , l, l i t t l t i l , it i i l i ti l l ti , ll i t cl i l t t l i i li itl i l ti . i i t t t l to l t l l iti t l , l t i l . l t li ti t i i l lt i . © t r . li l i r . . r-r i r r i ilit f t i tifi itt f . r s: l fr t r ; l l r ; f rriti st l. . i l t t i. . i i l li i lt ti t t l l t t i. . l l f t i . t li il it i i t t i l t t il i . l ti t l l i l . . t , t i i ti iti i i ti it l l il it i ll i i t il l i t t t . t t i t il it i t t i f i t i t li . al t l t l t i l i t i l, i . i t l ti l l l i i i i i t, l t i t t i l t , i i l l i , t e i f t , t ilit l t i t t t l li ti N l a d t i t i 1T r i t i B t i ௡ ሶ , ݂ , ݂ ሶ , ݂ , ݂ ሶ ௣Ȁ௡௣௔ iti l proba iliti l ሬሬԦ  p ilit it t t t i i t t l i l F l ti il ilit t t t Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Els vier B.V. This is an open access articl under th CC BY-NC-ND li ense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-revi w under r sponsibil ty of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt * Corresponding author. Tel.: +3214 33043; fax: +3214320513. E-mail address: m cibett@sckce .be * Corresponding author. Tel.: +3214333043; fax: +3214320513. E-mail address: mscibett@sckcen.be rr s i t r. l.: 3 ; f : . r ss: s i tt s . - il

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.204 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Sci ntific Committee of ECF21. - t rs. lis ls i r . . r-r i r r i ilit f t i tifi itt f .