PSI - Issue 2_A

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 2 (2016) 227–234 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Fracture mechanics testing for environmental stress cracking in thermoplastics M. A. Kamaludin a *, Y. Patel a , B. R. K. Blackman a , J. G. Williams a,b a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom. b School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, J07, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Under the combined influence of an aggressive environment and applied stress, engineering thermoplastics may undergo a phenomenon known as environmental stress cracking (ESC). This can result in adverse effects such as embrittlement and premature failure in service, due to the growth of environmentally-induced cracks to critical sizes, with little to no fluid absorption in the bulk material. Fracture mechanics is proposed as a suitable scheme to study and quantify ESC, with the aim being to obtain characterising data for different polymer-fluid combinations of interest, as well as to develop a reliable fracture mechanics test protocol. In the proposed method, slow crack growth is monitored to assess the effect of a range of applied crack driving forces (K, or alternativ ly G) on observed rack speeds, as opposed to simply measuring time-to-failure. This paper presents the results of expe iments performed on the following materials: linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) in Ig pal solution and high impact poly ty ne (HIPS) in sunflow r oil. A discussion of the various issues surrounding the data nalysis for these long-term tests is also included, as the attainment of consistent and repeatable results is critical for a thod to be internationally standardised, which is a goal of the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS) Technical Committee 4 from whose interest this work is drawn. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published y Elsevier B.V. T is is an ope access article und r the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativ ommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review und r responsibility of the Scientific Committe of ECF21. Abstract

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: environmental; stress cracking; thermoplastics; fracture mechanics; compliance

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 (0)75 1860 5654; fax: +44 (0)20 7594 7017. E-mail address: mab209@ic.ac.uk

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.030