PSI - Issue 2_A

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2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.440 ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: + 39(0)502218074; fax: + 30(0)502210604. E-mail address: frendo@ing.unipi.it 2452-3 16 c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevi r B.V. Peer-r view under responsibility of the Scientific Comm ttee f ECF21. Welded joints are widely used in engineering applications thanks to the possibility of obtaining complex geometries and to the possibility of automation of the process. The resistance of a welded joint is a ff ected by many factors and the technical literature about the fatigue life assessment is wide; several approaches have been proposed both in codes (EN (1993); UNI (1988); BS7910 (1999)) and in scientific papers (see e.g. Radaj (1990); Radaj et al. (2009); Sonsino ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: + 39(0)502218074; fax: + 30(0)502210604. E-mail address: frendo@ing.unipi.it 2452-3216 c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. e r-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Welded joints are widely used in engineering applications thanks to the possibility of obtaining complex geometries and to the possibility of automation of the process. The resistance of a welded joint is a ff ected by many factors and the technical literature about the fatigue life assessment is wide; several approaches have been proposed both in codes (EN (1993); UNI (1988); BS7910 (1999)) and in scientific papers (see e.g. Radaj (1990); Radaj et al. (2009); Sonsino ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: + 39(0)502218074; fax: + 30(0)502210604. E-mail address: frendo@ing.unipi.it 2452-3216 c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Fatigue endurance of welded joints subjected to di ff erent blocks of bending and torsion loading L. Bertini, F. Frendo ∗ , G. Marulo Department of Civil and industrial Engineering, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56122 Pisa, Italy Abstract The fatigue strength of pipe-to-plate w lded joints under bending, torsion and combined (in-phase and out-of-phase) bending and torsion has been already investigated in previous works by the authors. The specimen consisted of a pipe joined by seam welding to a plate. Both the pipe and the plate were made of S355JR steel. The test apparatus allows to apply any combination of proportional and non-proportional bending and torsion loads to the specimen. For the analysed specimens failure originated mainly from the weld root, where a severe notch is present, even if some failure from the weld toe was observed in case of bending loading. However, the crack propagation and fracture surface under bending and under torsion were significantly di ff erent. For this reason, in order to investigate any possible influence of the loading order on the fatigue endurance, the e ff ect of di ff erent loading blocks was analysed in this work. This subject has not been widely investigated in the technical literature about welded joints. In a first series of tests, specime s were loaded in bending for a given fraction of the estimated endur ce and then were loaded in torsion till failure. A similar series of tests w s then conducted by varying the lo ding order: specimens wer loaded in torsion for a given fraction f the est mated endurance, followed by a block of bending loading till failure. The whole test campaign was repeated for two di ff erent ractions of the estimated life, i.e. 0.3 and 0.45, respectively. The failure was intended as the presence of a through the thickness crack, whose presence was monitore by a drop in the internal pressure of the pipe. Results are discussed in terms of the Miner’s rule based on nominal stresses and to the cumulative damage suggested by Eurocode and IIW . c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: Type your keywords here, se arated by semicolons ; 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Fatigue endurance of welded joints subject d to di ff erent blocks of bending and torsion lo ding L. Bertini, F. Frendo ∗ , G. Marulo Department of Civil and industrial Engineering, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56122 Pisa, Italy Abstract The fatigue strength of pipe-to-plate w lded joints under bending, tor ion and combined (in- hase and ut-of-phase) bending and torsion has been already investigated in previous works by the authors. The specimen consisted of a pipe joined by seam welding to a plate. Both the pipe and the pl te w re made of S355JR steel. The test apparatus allows to apply any combinatio o proportional and non-proportion l bending and torsi n loa s to the specimen. Fo he analysed specime s failure originated mainly from th weld root, where a severe notch is present, even if s me failur rom the weld to was observed in cas of bending ading. However, the crack propagation and fracture surface under bendin an under orsion were significantly di ff erent. For this reason, in order to investigate any possible influence of the loading order on the fatigue endurance, th e ff ect of di ff erent loadi blocks was a alysed in this work. This subject has not been widely inv stigat he technical literatu e about weld d joint . In a first series of tests, specim ns were l aded bending for a given fraction of the estimated ndurance and hen wer l aded in orsion till failure. A similar series of te ts was then conducted by varying th loading order: specimens w re loaded in torsion for a given fract on of the estimated ndurance, followed by a block of b nding loadin till failure. The whole tes campaign was rep ated for two di ff erent fr ctions of the estimated life, i.e. 0.3 and 0.45, r spe tively. Th failure was i tended as the presence of a through the thickness crack, whose presence was monitored by a drop in the internal pressure of the pipe. Results are discussed in terms of the Miner’s rule based on nom nal stresses and to the cumulative damage suggested by Eurocode and IIW . c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: Type your keywords ere, separat d by semicolons ; 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Fatigue endurance of welded joints subjected to di ff erent blocks of bending and torsion loading L. Bertini, F. Frendo ∗ , G. arulo Department of Civil and industrial Engineeri g, Largo Lucio L zzarino, 56122 Pisa, Italy Abstract The fatigue strength of pipe-to-plate welded joints under bending, torsion and combined (in-phase and out-of-phase) bending and torsion has been already investigated in previous works by the authors. The specimen consisted of a pipe joined by seam welding to a plate. Both the pipe and the plate were made of S355JR steel. The test apparatus allows to apply any combination of proportional and non-proportional bending and torsion loads to the specimen. For the analysed specimens failure originated mainly from the weld root, where a severe notch is present, even if some failure from the weld toe was observed in case of bending loading. However, the crack propagation and fracture surface under bending and under torsion were significantly di ff erent. For this reason, in order to investigate any possible influence of the loading order on the fatigue endurance, the e ff ect of di ff erent loading blocks was analysed in this work. This subject has not been widely investigated in the technical literature about welded joints. In a first series of tests, specimens were loaded in bending for a given fraction of the estimated endurance and then were loaded in torsion till failure. A similar series of tests was then conducted by varying the loading order: specimens were loaded in torsion for a given fraction of the estimated endurance, followed by a block of bending loading till failure. The whole test campaign was repeated for two di ff erent fractions of the estimated life, i.e. 0.3 and 0.45, respectively. The failure was intended as the presence of a through the thickness crack, whose presence was monitored by a drop in the internal pressure of the pipe. Results are discussed in terms of the Miner’s rule based on nominal stresses and to the cumulative damage suggested by Eurocode and IIW . c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientifi Committee of ECF21. Keywords: Type your keywords here, separated by semicolons ; Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). P er-review under esponsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 1. Introduction 1. Introduction Welded joints are widely used in engineering applications thanks to the possibility of obtaining complex geometries and to the possibility of automation of the process. The resistance of a welded joint is a ff ected by many factors and the technical literature about the fatigue life assessment is wide; several approaches have been proposed both in codes (EN (1993); UNI (1988); BS7910 (1999)) and in scientific papers (see e.g. Radaj (1990); Radaj et al. (2009); Sonsino 1. Introduction