PSI - Issue 2_A

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com Sci nceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 2 (2016) 2462–2254 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy 3D J-integral for functionally graded and temperature dependent thermoelastic materials J. Hein, M. Kuna ∗ Institute of Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, Technical University Freiberg, Lampadiusstraße 4, 09599 Freiberg, Germany Abstract In order to mitigate the thermal shock impact, many ceramics, efr ctories or heat protecting layers are made of functionally graded (FGM) or lay red stru tures. Fractur mechanical methods are needed to evaluat the resistance of such structures against failure under thermal shock. Despite a lot of theoretical work has been done for two-dimensional crack configurations in thermo elastic FGM, real defects and structural components are of three-dimensional (3D) nature. In most cases the real gradation of the thermoelastic material properties does not obey simple mathematical functions, but show a complex dependency on location due to manufacturing. Moreover, the elastic and thermodynamic properties depend on temperature itself. In the paper, we present the derivation of the 3D J -integral for arbitrary location and temperature dependent material behavior. The J -integral is implemented in FEM by means of the equivalent domain integral technique. The method is applied to a thermally loaded plate of FGM with a surface crack. The influence of the material gradation on the results is investigated in various examples. c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: J-integral ; functionally graded material ; temperature dependent material ; 3D crack ; thermal shock N menclatur 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy 3D J-integral for functionally graded and temperature dependent thermoelastic materials J. Hein, M. Kuna ∗ Institute of Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, Technical University Freiberg, Lampadiusstraße 4, 09599 Freiberg, Germany Abstract In order to mitigate the thermal shock impact, many ceramics, refractories or heat protecting layers are made of functionally graded (FGM) or layered structures. Fracture mechanical methods are needed to evaluate the resistance of such structures against failure under thermal shock. Despite a lot of theoretical work has been done for two-dimensional crack configurations in thermo elastic FGM, real defects and structural components are of three-dimensional (3D) nature. In most cases the real gradation of the thermoelastic mate ial pr perties does not obey simple mathematical functions, but show a complex dependency on location due to manufacturing. Moreover, the elastic and thermodynamic properties depend on temperature itself. In the paper, we present the derivation of the 3D J -integral for arbitrary location and temperature dependent material behavior. The J -integral is implemented in FEM by means of the equivalent domain integral technique. The method is applied to a thermally loaded plate of FGM with a surface crack. The influence of the material gradation on the results is investigated in various examples. c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: J-integral ; functionally graded material ; temperature dependent material ; 3D crack ; thermal sh ck Nomenclature A f e t F th t i r Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). P er-review under esponsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

thermal expansion coe ffi cient

α

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. α thermal expansion coe ffi cient δ i j Kronecker symbol i j strain tensor consisting of mechanical m σ i j stress tensor ∆ A virtually extended crack area along a crack segment ∆ s ∆ a crack growth ∆ l m virtual crack propagation vector a crack length δ i j Kronecker symbo i j strain tensor consi ting of mechanical m Φ synonym for a material property σ i j stress tensor ∆ A virtually extended crack area along a crack segment ∆ s ∆ a crack growth l m virtual crack propagation vector a crack length α K m s a v Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. i j and thermal strain tensor th i j i j and th rmal strain tensor th i j th Φ synonym for a material property

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.281 ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: + 49-3731-39-2092 ; fax: + 49-373-39-3455 E-mail address: meinhard.kuna@imfd.tu-freiberg.de 2452-3216 c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: + 49-3731-39-2092 ; fax: + 49-373-39-3455 E-mail address: meinhard.kuna@imfd.tu-freiberg.de 2452-3216 c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. rrespond + E-mail address: meinhard.kuna@imfd.tu-freiberg.de 016 r-r ific Committe * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt