PSI - Issue 2_A

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com Sci ceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 2 (2016) 144–151 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy A Method to Improve the Fracture Toughness Using 3D Printing by Extrusion Deposition Julien Gardan a,b *, Ali Makke a,b , Naman Recho a,c a EPF, Engineering school, 2 rue Fernand Sastre, Troyes, France b Institut Charles Delaunay, LASMIS, UTT,UMR CNRS 6281, 12 rue Marie Curie, 10010 Troyes, France c Pascal Intitute, Blaise Pascal University, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France Abstract Additive manufacturing or 3D printing have strongly been developed the last years and currently propose several solutions. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a layer additive manufacturing process that uses a thermoplastic filament by fused deposition which builds its geometry along trajectories generated by slicing. This process leads to a locally heterogeneous structure because of the weld lines between the deposed threads. These trajectories (and then the weld lines) are predefined and not necessarily based on the specific mechanical constraints from product's use. As a consequence, the weld lines can be found oriented in bad directions that reduce the mechanical strength of the printed sample. In this work we used finite elements simulation to identify the principal directions of the stress in a standard Crack Test C-T sample. The aim is to reproduce the principal stress directions inside the internal structure of cracking sample realized in extrusion deposition by 3D printing in order to improve the fracture toughness. Several samples made from Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene were printed and tested. We analyze the outcomes by comparing a C-T standard tensile test procedure with classical and optimized filament depositions. The tests show improved mechanical characteristics and thus provide a method to deposit a filament along a trajectory adapted to the mechanical stresses. Crack branching is observed through a heterogeneous structure and then discussed. On the basis of these results, the cracked specimen will define a new strategy to reinforce the specimen by a specific fused deposit lines. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. v nting have strongly been developed the last years and currently propose several solutions. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a layer additive manuf to improve the fracture toughness. Sever the outcomes by comparing a C-T standard tensile hod to deposit a filam mec Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativ ommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review und r responsibility of the Scientific Committe of ECF21.

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing; 3D Printing; Crack stress field; Fracture resistance; Fracture type; Crack extension.

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 (0)1 41 13 48 97 E-mail address: julien.gardan@epf.fr

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.019