PSI - Issue 2_A

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 2 (2016) 1473–148 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com cienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Effect of thermal treatments in Ni-Fe-Ga with Co substitutions and Ni-Mn-Ga melt spun ribbons F. Tolea * , M. Sofronie, A. D. Crisan, B. Popescu, M. Tolea, M. Valeanu National Institute of Materials Physics, POB MG-7, 77125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania The effect of “in situ” thermal treatments (by DSC measurements) on the martensitic transformation in two representative Ni-Fe Ga and Ni-Mn-Ga alloys has been studied and discussed by correlating the structural and magnetic properties. The alloys were prepared from high purity elements, by arc melting under argon protective atmosphere as bulk and also as melt-spun ribbons - an alternative preparation route that also allows to assess the influences of grains size and strain induced by this processing method. All samples presented reversible thermo-elastic transformations. The thermal treatments promote a reduction of the martensitic transformation temperatures in the Ni-Fe-Ga investigated samples, as opposed to the stoichiometric Ni2MnGa where the temperatures increase with increasing the annealing temperatures. Interestingly however, the off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga with increased Ni content recovers the behaviour with reduction of transformation temperatures by thermal treatments. The precipitation of the secondary FCC (  ) phase is inherently found in Ni-Fe-Ga alloys with Ga  27% at, and also -although in lower amounts- in the off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga. The γ phase is considered to contribute to the decrease of the MT temperatures (via valence electrons concentration depletion of the main matrix) and of the transformation heat as well as to the final structural degradation if the temperature of the thermal treatments is further increased. In addition, this phase, located mainly at the grain boundaries, is responsible for the improved ductility of Ni-Fe-Ga based alloys. Changes in the transformation heat due to thermal treatments are observed and discussed in both types of alloys, the maxima of the transformation heat being associated with the highest atomic order. Thermo-magnetic measurements show that Ni-Fe-Ga alloys have close magnetic and structural transitions temperatures, with promising applications for magnetic refrigeration. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy ffect of ther al treat ents in i- e- a ith o substitutions and Ni-Mn-Ga melt spun ribbons F. Tolea * , . Sofronie, . . Crisan, B. Popescu, M. Tolea, M. Valeanu National Institute of Materials Physics, POB MG-7, 77125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania Abstract The effect of “in situ” thermal treatments (by DSC measurements) on the martensitic transformation in two representative Ni-Fe Ga and Ni-Mn-Ga alloys has been studied and discussed by correlating the structural and magnetic properties. The alloys were prepared from high purity elements, by arc melting under argon protective atmosphere as bulk and also as melt-spun ribbons - an alternative preparation route that also allows to assess the influences of grains size and strain induced by this processing method. All samples presented reversible thermo-elastic transformations. The thermal treatments promote a reduction of the martensitic transforma ion temperatures in the Ni-Fe-Ga vestigated samples, as opposed to the stoichio etric Ni2MnGa where he temperatures increase with increas g the anne ling temperatures. Intere tingly however, th off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga with increased Ni c tent recovers the behaviour with r duc ion of transformation temperatures by thermal treatments. The precipitation of the secondary FCC (  ) phase is inhe ntly found in Ni-Fe-Ga alloys with Ga  27% at, and also -although in lower amounts- in the off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga. The γ phase is consid red to contribute t the decreas of the MT temp ratures (via valence electrons concentr tion de letion of the mai matrix) and of the transf rm tion heat as well as to the final structural degr dation if the emperature of the thermal treatm nts is further increased. In addition, this phase, located mainly at the grain boundaries, is resp nsible for he improved ductility of Ni-F -Ga based alloys. Changes in the transformation heat due to th rmal treatments are bserved and discussed in both type of alloys, the maxima of he transformation he t being ass ciated with th highest atomic order. Thermo-magnetic measurements show that Ni-Fe-Ga lloys have close magnetic and structural transitions temperatures, with promising applications for magnetic refrigeration. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. © 2016 The Authors. Published b Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Copyright © 2016 The Author . Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Abstract

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . E-mail address: felicia.tolea@infim.ro * Corresponding author. Tel.: +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . E-mail address: felicia.tolea@infim.ro

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.187