PSI - Issue 2_A

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable online at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 2 (2016) 1413–142 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Sci nceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Eff ct of Crystallographic Orientations on Fractures and Slip Occurrences at 500 °C of (110) Single Crystal Silicon Microstructures Akio Uesugi*, Yoshikazu Hirai, Toshiyuki Tsuchiya, Osamu Tabata Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura & , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan Effects of tensile orientations on fracture and slip behaviors of (110) single crystal silicon (SCS) microstructures at a high temperature are reported. Specimens with a parallel portion 120 μm long, 2 μm wide and 5 μm thick were aligned along <110> and <111> tensile axes, and were fabricated from identical silicon-on-insulator wafers using UV lithography and a deep reactive ion etching. The specimens were subjected to tensile testing at 500 °C in a vacuum, which showed linear stress – displacement behaviors until their fractures at 3.2 GPa on <110> and at 4.0 GPa on <111>. The fracture surfaces mostly consisted of large planes oriented along {111}, which indicat d cl avage fractures. Contrary to the obt ined lin ar ominal st ess behaviors, fractured specimens had surface steps owing to slip along {111}, which indicated that criteria for brittle-ductile transition of SCS were surpassed under the applied stress. Criteria for the slip occurrences were discussed based on maximum shear stress along the slip system, and stress concentration around the surface step was analyzed using finite element method calculation to discuss an effect of the surface step on decrease of nominal tensile strength at the high temperature. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: Tensile test; High temperature; Single crystal silicon; MEMS; 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Effect of Crystallographic Orientations on Fractures and Slip Occurrences at 500 °C of (110) Single Crystal Silicon Microstructures Akio Uesugi*, Yoshikazu Hirai, Toshiyuki Tsuchiya, Osamu Tabata Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura & , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan Abstract Effects of tensile orientations on fracture and slip behaviors of (110) single crystal silicon (SCS) microstructures at a high temperature are reported. Specimens with a paral el portion 120 μm long, 2 μm wide and 5 μm thick were aligned along <110> and <111> tensil axes, and were fabricated from identical silicon-on-insulator wafers using UV lithography and a deep reactive ion etching. The specime s subjec to tensile testing at 500 °C in a vacuum, which showed linear stress – is lacement behavio s until their fractures at 3.2 GPa on <110> and at 4.0 GPa on <111>. The fracture urfaces mostly consisted of large planes orie ted along {111}, which indicated cleav ge fractures. Contrary to t obtain d linear nominal stres behaviors, fr ct ed spec mens had surface steps owing to slip along {111}, which indicated at criteria for brittle- uctile tran ition f SCS were surpassed u der the appli d str ss. Criteria for the slip occurrences wer iscu sed based n maximum shear str ss alo g th slip system, a stress conc ntration ar und the surface st p was analyz d using finite element method calculation to discuss an effect of the surface step o dec ease of nominal tensile strength at the high temperatur . © 2016 The Authors. Published by El evier B.V. Peer-review under esponsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: Tensile test; High temperature; Single crystal silicon; MEMS; Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://cr ativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Abstract

1. Introduction

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 1. Introduction

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Silicon is a standard materi l used in MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) devices, and because these devices require mechanical deformations of the structural materials to operate, many studies of material properties of micro-scale silicon have been reported. In addition, because silicon generally exhibits a brittle fracture and Silicon is a standard material used in MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) devices, and because these devices require m ch nical d formations of the structural materials to operate, many studies of material properties of micro-scal sili on have been reported. In addition, because ilic n generally exhib t a brit le fractur and

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-75-383-3693; fax: +81-75-383-3738. E-mail address: a_uesugi@nms.me.kyoto-u.ac.jp 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under r sponsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-75-383-3693; fax: +81-75-383-3738. E-mail address: a_uesugi@nms.me.kyoto-u.ac.jp

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.179