PSI - Issue 18

Muhammad Fawad et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 18 (2019) 189–197 M.Fawad/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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Concrete cover plays an important role to avoid cracks and corrosion of steel. In case of subjected bridge, less concrete cover was the major problem, which induces major cracks in the bridge. Shear resistance should meet the design provision otherwise proper addition for shear reinforcement will be much needed but in case of subjected bridge, enough shear reinforcement was present so there was no shear failure in structure. Internal forces are of major concern in case of RC structure so proper verification of shear force and bending moments should be done manually with analysis results. At least two to three retrofitting techniques should be suggested against each analysis and their cost and benefit analysis should be done so that best possible option can be selected. In case of RC structures ATENA 3D is the best suitable software that provides with the possibility of 3D nonlinear analysis and strengthening of structure. Normally ATENA GIDs are used for FRP strengthening because there are some built in functions where we can put the FRP as material. In ATENA 3D there is no such function like FRP material so 3D elastic isotropic material will be selected, in which properties of FRP will be put in, thus, this material will behave like the FRP and 3D interface can be used as an adhesive agent between different components of structure. Steel plate and FRP strengthening work is compared in terms of deflection, cracked area reduction and crack width reduction. This comparison show that crack width and crack area reduces a lot by using FRP material instead of steel plates. This research work can be concluded that the retrofits not only increases their working life but also provide the safety in their use. Different retrofits can be used to repair the damaged parts of structures but their selection should be based on study of damage detection data, static and nonlinear analysis. Selection of lightweight, durable and economical strengthening material helps to give best results, same can be observed in this thesis that FRP’s, not only reduces the critical values of damage parameters but also kept them at the minimum level. REFERENCES 1. Caramelli, S., and Croce, P., (2000). Le verifiche a fatica dei ponti in acciaio, Costruzioni Metalliche, 6, 33–47. 2. Caramelli, S., Croce, P., Froli, M., and Sanpaolesi, L., (1990). Impalcati da ponte a lastra ortotropa: comportamento a fatica, Costruzioni Metalliche, 9, 376–411 (in Italian). 3. Carturan, F., Pellegrino, C., Rossi, R., Gastaldi, M., and Modena, C., (2013). An integrated procedure for management of bridge networks in seismic areas. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 11(2), 543–559. 4. Claudio, M., Carlo P., Giovanni T., Francesca da p., (2012). Retrofitting and Refurbishment of Existing Road Bridges, 17, 1 3. 5. DMRB-Design manual for road and bridges, (2006). BD79/06, The management of substandard highway structures, The Stationery Office, Highway Agency, London, UK. da Porto, F., Franchetti, P., Grendene, M., Valluzzi, M.R., and Modena, C., (2007). 6. SB-ICA, (2007). Guideline for inspection and condition assessment of railway bridges. Prepared by Sustainable Bridges – a project within EU FP6. Available from: www.sustainable bridges.net. 7. Valluzzi, M.R., and Modena, C., (2001). Experimental analysis and modeling of masonry vaults strengthened by FRP. Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Historical Constructions, Guimaraes, Portugal. 8. DYWIDAG Post-Tensioning Systems – Multistrand Systems, Bar Systems, Repair andStrengthening (www.dsiamerica.com) 9. M. Salamak: Typical damages and protection of concrete bridges located on areas with ground deformations; Proceedings of the CCC2011 Conference on Innovative Material and Technologies for Concrete Structures, Balatonfüred, Hungary, 2011 10. Lecture notes, “Strengthening of Structures”, v2.0, Dr. Koris Kalman, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary, 2014. 11. HILTI Anchoring Systems (www.hilti.com) 12. I. Bódi and Gy. Farkas: Strengthening of reinforced concrete floor structures with bonded – anchoraged steel strips. Közlekedés- és Mélyépítéstudományi Szemle, XLV. évfolyam 12. szám, 1995. 13. A. Gomes, J. Appleton: Strengthening design of concrete beams by addition of steel plates; EPMESC VII: International Conference on Enhancement and Promotion of Computational Methods in Engineering and Science, Vol. 1., p.657-666, 1999. 14. fib bulletin no 14: Externally bonded FRP reinforcement for RC structures. SprintDigital-Druck Stuttgart, July 2001. 15. C. D. Austin: Buckling of symmetric laminated fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) plates; Graduate Faculty of School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 2003. 16. Sprayed Concrete Association: Introduction to sprayed concrete (www.sca.org.uk) 17. M. Fawad. “Structural health Monitoring of Bridge Structure Using Smart Bridge Inspection Method”, TDK conference, Budapest, 2018.