PSI - Issue 18

Muhammad Fawad et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 18 (2019) 189–197 M.Fawad/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

195

7

Figure 6- LD Curve of FRP Strengthening

3.2.4 Discussion of Results FRP strip strengthening has given an amazing output in terms of structural safety. All the associated damages are now in safe zone with nominal values. The overall condition of bridge has been improved efficiently and reaches to its excellent grade. These results show that Reduction of overall displacement has been observed from 19.9mm to 2.67mm, which is very less than the allowable deflection limit. Therefore, bridge is satisfying the safety criterion. Overall cracked region has been significantly reduced along the surface of bridge. Cracked area of bridge has been reduced from 125.5 m² to 20.92 m², which is almost 5% of the total surface of one span of bridge. Critical crack width has been remarkably reduced from 0.61mm to 0.034, which is much less than the allowable crack width limit. 4 Discussion about Results 4.1 Comparison of Mathematical and Simulation Based Results Mathematical evaluation of results show the load bearing capacity and moment capacity of slab in different direction. These values are calculated and compared against the simulation based results of static linear analysis to verify the static conditions, where it can be seen that the capacities of slab are justifying the simulation based results, so bridge is safe in this comparison.

Table 5- Comparison of Manual Results and Axis Results

Mathematical Results

Simulation Based Results

Status of Structure Satisfactory

Capacity of Slab against axial forces X-Direction (kN/m) Capacity of Slab against axial forces Y-Direction (kN/m) Moment capacity in X-Direction (kN-m) Moment capacity in Capacity of Slab in Y-Direction (kN-m)

12330

Axial Force in X-Direction 7029.44 7

3092.59 Axial Force in Y-Direction

2617.66

Satisfactory

648

Flexural Moment in X Direction

597.1

Satisfactory

695.75 Flexural Moment in X Direction 0.4>0.3 Crack width (mm)

661.371 kN 0.33>0.3

Satisfactory

Crack width (mm)

Not-Satisfactory