PSI - Issue 18

2 2 2

Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

386 as well as additional tests of properties of new and exploited PM and welded joint components (weld metal - WM and heat affected zone – HAZ). Additional tests involved the determining of critical stress intensity factor K Ic , critical crack length ac and fatigue crack growth parameters (da/dN i ΔK th ) of the PM, WM and HAZ, at room and working temperatures [2-4]. The goal of experimental research and measuring of stress and strain state was to assess the integrity and remaining life of the reactor, i.e. the prediction of remaining life in terms of exploitation conditions (working temperature and pressure), [2-7]. 2. Test materials Both exploited and new PM was steel A-387 Gr. B with thickness of 102 mm. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of the exploited and new PM are given in tables 1 and 2, [7]. as well as additional tests of properties of new and exploited PM and welded joint components (weld metal - WM and heat affected zone – HAZ). Additional tests involved the determining of critical stress intensity factor K Ic , critical crack length ac and fatigue crack growth parameters (da/dN i ΔK th ) of the PM, WM and HAZ, at room and working temperatures [2-4]. The goal of experimental research and measuring of stress and strain state was to assess the integrity and remaining life of the reactor, i.e. the prediction of remaining life in terms of exploitation conditions (working temperature and pressure), [2-7]. 2. Test materials Both exploited and new PM was steel A-387 Gr. B with thickness of 102 mm. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of the exploited and new PM are given in tables 1 and 2, [7]. as well as additional tests of properties of new and exploit d PM a d welded joint compo ents (weld metal - WM nd heat affected zone – HAZ). Additional tests involved the determining of critical stress intensity factor K Ic , critical crack length ac and fatigue crack growth parameters (da/dN i ΔK th ) of the PM, WM and HAZ, at room and working temperatures [2-4]. The go l of experimental research and measuring of stress and strain state was to assess the integrity and remaining life of the reactor, i.e. the prediction of remaining life in terms of exploitation conditions (working temperature and pressure), [2-7]. 2. Test materials Both exploited and n w PM was steel A-387 Gr. B with thickness of 102 mm. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of the exploited and new PM are given in tables 1 and 2, [7]. 2 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 as well as a ditional tests of properties of new and exploited PM and welded joint compo ents (weld metal - WM and heat affected zone – HAZ). Addition l t sts involved the determining of critical stress intensity fact K Ic , critical crack length ac and fatigue crack growth p rameters (d /dN i ΔK th ) of the PM, WM and HAZ, at room and working temper tures [2-4]. The goal of experimental research and measuring of str ss and strain state was to asses the integrity and emaining life of the reactor, i.e. the prediction of remaining life in terms of exploitation conditions (working temperature and pressure), [2-7]. 2. Test materials Both exploited and new PM was steel A-387 Gr. B with thickness of 102 mm. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of the exploited and new PM are given in tables 1 and 2, [7]. 2 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 as well as additional tests of properties of new and exploited PM and welded joint comp nents (weld metal - WM and heat affected zone – HAZ). Additional tests involved the determining of critical stress intensity factor K Ic , critical crack length ac and fatigue crack growth parameters (da/dN i ΔK th ) of the PM, WM and HAZ, at room and working temperatures [2-4]. The goal of experi ental research and easuring of stress and strain state was to assess the integrity and remaining life of the reactor, i.e. the prediction of remaining life in terms of exploitation conditions (working te perature and pressure), [2-7]. 2. Test materials Both exploited and new PM was steel A-387 Gr. B with thickness of 102 mm. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of the exploited and new PM are given in tables 1 and 2, [7]. 2 Author name / Structural Integri y Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 as well as additional tests of properties of new nd exploited PM and welded joint comp nents (weld metal - WM and heat affected zone – HAZ). Additional tests involved the determining of critical stress int nsity factor K Ic , critical crack length ac and fa igue crack growth parameters (da/dN i ΔK th ) of the P , and HAZ, at room and working temperatures [2-4]. The goal of experimental research and measuring of stress and strain state was to assess the integrity and remaining life of the reactor, i.e. the prediction of remaining life in terms of exploitation conditions (working temperature and pressure), [2-7]. 2. Test materials Both exploited and new PM was steel A-387 Gr. B with thickness of 102 mm. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of the exploited and new P are given in tabl s 1 and 2, [7]. 2 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 as well as a ditional tests of properties of new and exploited PM and welded joint components (w ld metal - WM a d heat affected zone – HAZ). Additional tests involved the determining of critical stress intensity factor K Ic , critical crack length ac and fatigue crack growth parameters (da/dN i ΔK th ) of the PM, WM and HAZ, at room and working temperatures [2-4]. The goal of experimental research and measuring of stress and strain state was to assess the integrity and emaining life of the r actor, i.e. the prediction of remaining life in terms of exploitation conditions (working temperature and pressure), [2-7]. 2. Test materials Both exploited and new PM was steel A-387 Gr. B with thickness of 102 mm. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of the exploited and new PM are given in tables 1 and 2, [7]. 2 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 as ell as additional tests of properties of ne and exploited P and elded joint co ponents ( eld etal - and heat affected zone – ). dditional tests involved the deter ining of critical stress intensity factor Ic , critical crack length ac and fatigue crack growth parameters (da/dN i ΔK th ) of the PM, WM and HAZ, at room and working te peratures [2-4]. he goal of experimental research and easuring of stress and strain state as to assess the integrity and re aining life of the reactor, i.e. the prediction of re aining life in ter s of exploitation conditions ( orking te perature and pressure), [2-7]. 2. est aterials oth exploited and ne P as steel A-387 Gr. B with thickness of 102 mm. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of the exploited and new PM are given in tables 1 and 2, [7]. 2 Author name / Structural Integ ity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 as well as a diti nal tests of properties of new nd exploited PM and welded joint c mponents (w ld metal - WM a d heat affected zone – HAZ). Additional tests involved the deter i ing of cr tical stress nt sity factor K Ic , critical cr ck length ac and fatigue crack growth parameters (da/dN i ΔK th ) of the PM, WM and HAZ, at room and working tempe atures [2-4]. The goal of experimental research and measuring of stress and strain state was to assess the integrity and remaining life of the r actor, i.e. the prediction of remaining life in terms of exploitation conditions (working temperature and pressure), [2-7]. 2. Test materials Both exploited and new PM was steel A-387 Gr. B with thickness of 102 mm. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of the exploited and new PM are given in tables 1 and 2, [7]. 2 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 as well as a diti nal tests of properties of new and exploited PM and welded joint components (weld metal - WM nd heat affecte zone – HAZ). Addition l t sts involved the determining of critical stress intensity fact K Ic , critical crack length ac and fatigue crack growth parameters (da/dN i ΔK th ) of the PM, WM and HAZ, at room and working temper tures [2-4]. The goal of experimental research and measuring of stress and strain state was to assess the integrity and remaining life of the reactor, i.e. the prediction of remaining life in terms of exploitation conditions (working temperature and pressure), [2-7]. 2. Test materials Both exploited and new PM was steel A-387 Gr. B with thickness of 102 mm. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of the exploited and new PM are given in tables 1 and 2, [7]. Ivica Čamagić et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 18 (2019) 385 – 390 Table 1. Chemical composition of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation % mas. C Si Mn P S Table 1. Chemical composition of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation % mas. C Si Mn P S Table 1. Chemical composition of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation % mas. C Si Mn P S Table 1. Chemical composition of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation % mas. C Si Mn P S Table 1. Chemical composition of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation % mas. C Si Mn P S Table 1. Chemical composition of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation % mas. C Si Mn P S Table 1. Chemical composition of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation % mas. C Si Mn P S Table 1. Chemical composition of exploited and new M specimens Specimen designation % mas. C Si n P S Table 1. Chemical composition of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation % mas. C Si Mn P S Table 1. Chemical composition of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation % mas. C Si Mn P S Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo o Mo Mo Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Welding of steel sheets made of exploited and new PM was performed in two stages, according to the requirements given in the welding procedure specification:  Root weld by E procedure, using a coated LINCOLN S1 19G electrode (AWS: E8018-B2), and  Filling passes by submerged arc welding, with wire LINCOLN LNS 150 and powder LINCOLN P230. Chemical composition of the coated electrode LINCOLN S1 19G, and the wire LINCOLN LNS 150 according to the attest documentation is given in tab. 3, whereas their mechanical properties, also according to documentation, are given in tab. 4, [7]. Welding of steel sheets made of exploited and new PM was performed in two stages, according to the requirements given in the welding procedure specification:  Root weld by E procedure, using a coated LINCOLN S1 19G electrode (AWS: E8018-B2), and  Filling passes by submerged arc welding, with wire LINCOLN LNS 150 and powder LINCOLN P230. Chemical composition of the coated electrode LINCOLN S1 19G, and the wire LINCOLN LNS 150 according to the attest documentation is given in tab. 3, whereas their mechanical properties, also according to documentation, are given in tab. 4, [7]. Welding of steel sheets made of exploited and new PM was performed in two stages, according to the requirements given in the welding procedure specification:  Root weld by E procedure, using a coated LINCOLN S1 19G electrode (AWS: E8018-B2), and  Filling passes by ubmerged arc welding, with wire LINCOLN LNS 150 and powder LINCOLN P230. Chemical composition of the coated electrode LINCOLN S1 19G, and the wire LINCOLN LNS 150 according to the attest documentation is given in tab. 3, whereas their mechanical properties, also according to documentation, are given in tab. 4, [7]. Welding of steel she ts made of exploited and new PM was performed in two stages, according to the requirements given in the welding procedure pecifi ation:  Root weld by E procedure, using a coated LINCOLN S1 19G electrode (AWS: E8018-B2), and  Filling passes by submerged arc welding, with wire LINCOLN LNS 150 and powder LINCOLN P230. Chemical composition of the coated electrode LINCOLN S1 19G, and the wire LINCOLN LNS 150 acc rding to the attest documentation is given in tab. 3, whereas their mechanical properties, also according to documentation, are given in tab. 4, [7]. Welding of steel sheets ade of exploited and new P was performed in two stages, according to the requirements given in the welding procedure specification:  Root weld by E procedure, using a coated LINCOLN S1 19G electrode (AWS: E8018-B2), and  Filling passes by submerged arc welding, with wire LINCOLN LNS 150 and powder LINCOLN P230. Chemical composition of the coated electrode LINCOLN S1 19G, and the wire LINCOLN LNS 150 according to the attest documentation is given in tab. 3, whereas their echanical properties, also according to docu entation, are given in tab. 4, [7]. Welding of steel she ts made of exploited and new PM was performed in two stages, according to the requirements given in the welding procedure specification:  Root weld by E procedure, using a coated LINCOLN S1 19G electro e (A S: E8018-B2), and  Filling passes by submerged arc welding, with wire LINCOLN LNS 150 and powder LINCOLN P230. Chemical composition of the coated electrode LINCOLN S1 19G, and the wire LINCOLN LNS 150 according to the attest documentation is given in tab. 3, whereas their mechanical properties, also according to documentation, are given in tab. 4, [7]. Welding of steel sheets ma e of exploited and new PM was performed in two stages, according to the requirements given in the welding procedure pecifi ation:  Root weld by E procedure, using a coated LINCOLN S1 19G electrode (AWS: E8018-B2), and  Filling passes by ubmerged arc welding, with wire LINCOLN LNS 150 and powder LINCOLN P230. Chemical composition of the coated electrode LINCOLN S1 19G, and the wire LINCOLN LNS 150 acc rding to the attest documentation is given in tab. 3, whereas their mechanical properties, also according to documentation, are given in tab. 4, [7]. Welding of steel sheets made of exploited and new PM was performed in two stages, according to the requirements given in the elding procedure specification:  oot eld by procedure, using a coated I S1 19 electrode ( S: 8018- 2), and  Filling passes by sub erged arc elding, ith ire I S 150 and po der I P230. he ical co position of the coated electrode I S1 19 , and the wire LINCOLN LNS 150 acc rding to the attest docu entation is given in tab. 3, hereas their echanical properties, also according to docu entation, are given in tab. 4, [7]. Welding of steel heets ma e of exploited and new PM was perfo med in two stages, according to the requirements given in the welding pr c dure specification:  Root weld by E procedure, using a coated LINCOLN S1 19G electrode (AWS: E8018-B2), and  Filling passes by submerged arc welding, with wire LINCOLN LNS 150 and powder LINCOLN P230. Chemical composition of the coated electrode LINCOLN S1 19G, and the wire LINCOLN LNS 150 according to the attest documentation is given in tab. 3, whereas their mechanical properties, also according to documentation, are given in tab. 4, [7]. Welding of steel sheets made of exploited and new PM was performed in two stages, according to the requirements given in the welding procedure specification:  Root weld by E procedu e, using a coated LINCOLN S1 19G electrode (AWS: E8018-B2), and  Filling passes by submerged arc welding, with wire LINCOLN LNS 150 and powder LINCOLN P230. Chemical comp sition of the coated electrode LINCOLN S1 19G, and the wire LINCOLN LNS 150 according to the attest documentation is given in tab. 3, whereas their mechanical properties, al o according to documentation, are given in tab. 4, [7]. Table 3. Chemical composition of additional welding materials Table 3. Chemical composition of additional welding materials Table 3. Chemical composition of additional welding materials Table 3. Chemical composition of additional welding materials Table 3. Chemical composition of additional welding materials Table 3. Chemical composition of additional welding materials Table 3. Chemical composition of additional welding materials Table 3. Che ical co position of additional welding aterials Table 3. Chemical composition of additional welding materials Table 3. Chemical composition of additional welding materials E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N 0,15 0,13 0,15 0,13 0,15 0,13 0,15 0,13 0 5 0,13 0,15 0,13 , 5 0,13 0,15 0,13 0,15 0,13 5 0,13 0,31 0,23 0,31 0,23 0,31 0,23 0,31 0,23 31 0,23 0,31 0,23 ,31 0,23 0,31 0,23 0,31 0,23 31 0,23 0,56 0,46 0,56 0,46 0,56 0,46 0,56 0,46 0 56 0,46 0,56 0,46 ,56 0,46 0 5 0,46 0,56 0,46 56 0,46 0,007 0,009 0,007 0,009 0,007 0,009 0,007 0,009 0,007 0,009 0,007 0,009 0,007 0,009 7 0,009 0,007 0,009 0,007 0,009 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,89 0,85 0,89 0,85 0,89 0,85 0,89 0,85 0,89 0,85 0,89 0,85 0,89 0,85 9 0,85 0,89 0,85 0,89 0,85 0,47 0,51 0,47 0,51 0,47 0,51 0,47 0,51 0,47 0,51 0,47 0,51 0,47 0,51 47 0,51 0,47 0,51 0,47 0,51 0,027 0,035 0,027 0,035 0,027 0,035 0,027 0,035 0,027 0,035 0,027 0,035 0,027 0,035 27 0,035 0,027 0,035 0,027 0,035 Table 2. Mechanical properties of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation Yield stress, Rp0.2, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Table 2. Mechanical properties of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation Yield stress, Rp0.2, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Table 2. Mechanical properties of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation Yield stress, Rp0.2, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Table 2. Mechanical properties of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation Yield stress, Rp0.2, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Table 2. Mechanical properties of exploit d and new PM specimens Specimen designation Yield stress, Rp0. , MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Table 2. Mechanical properties of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation Yield stress, Rp0.2, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Table 2. Mechanical properties of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation Yield stress, Rp0.2, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Table 2. echanical properties of exploit d and new P speci ens Speci en designation Yield stress, Rp0. , MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Table 2. Mechanical properties of exploited and new PM specimens Specimen designation Yield stress, Rp0.2, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Table 2. Mechanical properties of exploit d and new PM specimens Specimen designation Yield stress, Rp0. , MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % 34,0 35,0 34,0 35,0 34,0 35,0 34,0 35,0 4 35,0 34,0 35,0 4,0 35,0 4,0 35,0 34,0 35,0 34,0 35,0 Impact energy, J Impact energy, J Impact energy, J Impact energy, J Impact energy, J Impact energy, J Impact energy, J Impact energy, J Impact energy, J Impact energy, J E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N 320 325 320 325 320 325 320 325 320 325 320 325 320 325 20 325 320 325 0 325 450 495 450 495 450 495 450 495 450 495 450 495 450 495 450 495 450 495 50 495 155 165 155 165 155 165 155 165 5 165 155 165 55 165 55 165 155 165 155 165

% mas. % mas. % mas. % mas. % mas. % mas. % mas. % mas. % mas. % mas. 0,009 0,010 0,009 0,010 0,009 0,010 0,009 0,010 09 0,010 0,009 0,010 , 09 0,010 0,009 0,010 0,009 0,010 0,009 0,010 P P P P P P P P P P

Filler material Filler material Filler material Filler material Filler material Filler material Filler material Filler aterial Filler material Filler material LINCOLN Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 LINCOLN Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 I Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 LINCOLN Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 LINCOLN Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 I Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 I Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 LINCOLN Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 I Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 Filler material Filler material Filler material Filler material Filler material Filler material Filler material Filler material Filler material Filler material LINCOLN Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 LINCOLN Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 LINCOLN Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 LI Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 Sl 19G LINCOL LNS 150 LINCOLN Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 LINCOL Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 LINC LN Sl 19G LNS 150 LINCOL Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150 Sl 19G LINCOLN LNS 150

C C C C C C C C C C 0,07 0,10 0,07 0,10 0,07 0,10 0,07 0,10 07 0,10 0,07 0,10 ,07 0,10 0,07 0,10 0,07 0,10 0,07 0,10

Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si 0,31 0,14 0,31 0,14 0,31 0,14 0,31 0,14 31 0,14 0,31 0,14 0,31 0,14 0,31 0,14 0,31 0,14 ,31 0,14

Mn Mn Mn Mn Mn Mn Mn n Mn Mn 0,62 0,71 0,62 0,71 0,62 0,71 0,62 0,71 62 0,71 0,62 0,71 ,62 0,71 62 0,71 0,62 0,71 0,62 0,71

S S S S S S S S S S 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 , 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010

Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr 1,17 1,12 1,17 1,12 1,17 1,12 1,17 1,12 7 1,12 1,17 1,12 , 7 1,12 1,17 1,12 1,17 1,12 1,17 1,12

Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo o Mo Mo 0,54 0,48 0,54 0,48 0,54 0,48 0,54 0,48 54 0,48 0,54 0,48 ,54 0,48 0,54 0,48 0,54 0,48 0,54 0,48

Table 4. Mechanical properties of filler materials Table 4. Mechanical properties of filler materials Table 4. Mechanical properties of filler materials Table 4. Mechanical properties of filler materials Table 4. Mechanical properties of filler materials Table 4. Mechanical properties of filler materials Table 4. Mechanical properties of filler materials Table 4. echanical properties of filler materials Table 4. Mechanical properties of filler materials Table 4. Mechanical properties of filler materials

Yield stress, Rp0,2, MPa Yield stress, Rp0,2, MPa Yield stress, Rp0,2, MPa Yield stress, Rp0,2, MPa Yield stress, Rp0,2, MPa Yield stress, Rp0,2, MPa Yield stress, Rp0,2, MPa Yield stress, Rp0,2, MPa Yield stress, Rp0,2, MPa Yield stress, Rp0,2, MPa 515 495 515 495 515 495 515 495 515 495 515 495 515 495 515 495 515 495 51 495

Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, Pa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Tensile strength, Rm, MPa

Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, Elongation, A, % Elongation, A, %

Impact energy, J at 20  C Impact energy, J at 20  C Impact energy, J at 20  C Impact energy, J at 20  C Impact energy, J at 20  C Impact energy, J at 20  C Impact energy, J at 20  C Impact energy, J at 20  C Impact energy, J at 20  C Impact energy, J at 20  C

610 605 610 605 610 605 610 605 610 605 610 605 610 605 610 605 610 605 10 605

20 21 20 21 20 21 20 21 20 21 20 21 20 21 20 21 20 21 0 21

> 60 > 80 > 60 > 80 > 60 > 80 > 60 > 80 > 60 > 80 > 60 > 80 > 60 > 80 > 60 > 80 > 60 > 80 6 > 80

3. Integrity and remaining life of a reactor in exploitation Even though loads with constant amplitudes are rarely encountered in practice, the largest number of experimental data in form of empirical law, da/dN=f( Δ K,R) is provided for these load variations. This means that the changes of Δ K during crack growth are incremental, in order to reduce the eventual interaction effect of loads to a minimum. Empirical law in given form is successful in describing crack growth for such conditions, whereas corresponding material constants C and m in its specific form da/dN=C( Δ K) m , i.e. Paris law, are adjusted to satisfy the experimental results. Due to this, such idealized conditions can be used for predicting of fatigue life of components subjected to loads with approximately constant values of Δ K and R range. Assuming the change is known, [10]: 3. Integrity and remaining life of a reactor in exploitation Even though loads with constant amplitudes are rarely encountered in practice, the largest number of experimental data in form of empirical law, da/dN=f( Δ K,R) is provided for these load variations. This means that the changes of Δ K during crack growth are incremental, in order to reduce the eventual interaction effect of loads to a minimum. Empirical law in given form is successful in describing crack growth for such conditions, whereas corresponding material constants C and m in its specific form da/dN=C( Δ K) m , i.e. Paris law, are adjusted to satisfy the experimental results. Due to this, such idealized conditions can be used for predicting of fatigue life of components subjected to loads with approximately constant values of Δ K and R range. Assuming the change is known, [10]: 3. Integrity and remaining life of a reactor in exploitation Even though loads with constant amplitudes are rarely encount red in p ctice, the larg st number of experimental ata in form of empirical law, da/dN=f( Δ K,R) is provided for these load variations. This means that the changes of Δ K during crack growth are incremental, in order to reduce he eventual interaction effect of loads to a minimum. Empirical law in given form is successful in describing crack growth for such conditi ns, whereas corresponding material constants C and m in its spec f c form da/dN=C( Δ K) m , i.e. Paris l w, are adjusted to satisfy the experimental results. Due to this, such idealized c nditio s can be used for predicting of fatigue life of components subjected to loads with approximately constant values of Δ K and R range. Assuming the change is known, [10]: 3. Integrity and remaining life of a reactor in exploitation Even thou h loads with constant amplitudes are rarely encount red in practice, the largest number of experimental data in form of empiri al law, da/dN=f( Δ K,R) is provided for these load variations. This means that the changes of Δ K during crack growth are incremental, in order to reduce the eventual interaction effect of loads to a minimum. Empirical law in given form is successful in describing crack gr wth for such conditi ns, whereas corresponding material constants C and m in its specific form da/dN=C( Δ K) m , i.e. Paris l w, are adjusted to satisfy the experimental results. Due to this, such idealized c nditio s can be used for predicting of fatigue life of components subjected to loads with approximately constant values of Δ K and R range. Assuming the change is known, [10]: 3. Integrity and remaining life of a reactor in exploitation Even though loads with constant a plitudes are rarely encountered in practice, the largest nu ber of experi ental data in form of empirical law, da/dN=f( Δ K,R) is provided for these load variations. This means that the changes of Δ K during crack growth are incremental, in order to reduce the eventual interaction effect of loads to a minimum. Empirical law in given for is successful in describing crack growth for such conditions, whereas corresponding aterial constants C and m in its specific form da/dN=C( Δ K) m , i.e. Paris law, are adjusted to satisfy the experi ental results. Due to this, such idealized conditions can be used for predicting of fatigue life of components subjected to loads with approximately constant values of Δ K and R range. Assu ing the change is known, [10]: 3. Integrity and remaining life of a reactor in exploitation Even though loads with constant amplitudes are rarely encountered in practice, the largest number of experimental d ta in form of empirical law, da/dN=f( Δ K,R) is provided for these load variations. This means that the changes of Δ K during crack growth are incremental, in order to reduce the ev ntual interaction effect of loads to a minimum. Empirical law in given form is successful in describing crack r wth for such conditions, whereas orresponding material constants C and m in its specific form da/dN=C( Δ K) m , i.e. Paris law, are adjusted to satisfy the experimental results. Due to this, such idealized conditions can be used for predicting of fatigue life of components subjected to loads with approximately constant values of Δ K and R range. Assuming the change is known, [10]: 3. Integrity and remaining life of a reactor in exploitation Even though loads with constant amplitudes are rarely encount red in p actice, the largest number of experimental data in form of empirical law, da/dN=f( Δ K,R) is provided for these load variations. This means that the changes of Δ K during crack growth are incremental, in order to reduce e eventual interaction effect of loads to a minimum. Empirical law in given form is successful in describing crack growth for such conditions, whereas corresponding material constants C and m in its specific form da/dN=C( Δ K) m , i.e. Paris l w, are adjusted to satisfy the experimental results. Due to this, such ide lized c nditions can be used for predicting of fat gue life of components subjected to loads with approximately constant values of Δ K and R range. Assuming the change is known, [10]: I 3. Integrity and re aining life of a reactor in exploitation ven though loads ith constant a plitudes are rarely encountered in practice, the largest nu ber of experi ental data in for of e pirical la , da/d f( K, ) is provided for these load variations. his eans that the changes of during crack gro th are incre ental, in order to reduce the eventual interaction effect of loads to a ini u . pirical la in given for is successful in describing crack gro th for such conditions, hereas corresponding aterial constants and in its specific form da/dN=C( Δ K) m , i.e. Paris l w, are adjusted to satisfy the experimental results. Due to this, such idealized conditions can be used for predicting of fatigue life of co ponents subjected to loads ith approxi ately constant values of and R range. ssu ing the change is kno n, [10]: 3. I t grity and remaining life of a reactor in exploitation Even though loads w th constant amplitudes are rarely encountere in practice, the largest umber of experiment data in form of empirical law, da/dN=f( Δ K,R) is provided for these load variations. This means that the changes f Δ K during crack growth are increm ntal, in ord r to reduce the eventual interaction effect of loads t a minimum. Empirical law in gi en form is successful in d scribing crack r wth for such conditions, whereas orresponding material constants C and m in its specific form da/dN=C( Δ K) m , i.e. Paris law, are adjusted to satisfy the experimental results. Due to this, such idealized conditions can be used for predicting of fatigue life of components subjected to loads with approximately constant values of Δ K and R range. Assuming the change is known, [10]: 3. Int grity and remaining life of a reactor in exploitation Even though loads with constant amplitudes are rarely encount red in practice, the largest numb r of experimental data in form of empirical law, da/dN=f( Δ K,R) is provided for these load variations. This means that the changes of Δ K during crack growth are incremental, in order to reduce t e eventual i teraction effect of loads to a minimum. Empirical law in given form is successful in describing crack rowth for such conditions, whereas corresponding material constants C and m in its specific form da/dN=C( Δ K) m , i.e. Paris law, are adjusted to satisfy the xperimental results. Due to this, such idealized c nditions can be used for predicting of fatigue life of components subjected to loads with approximately constant values of Δ K and R range. Assuming the change is known, [10]: d d a a

  , da f K R dN     , da f K R dN     , da f K R dN     , a f K R     , a f K R     , da f K R dN     , a f K R     , da f K  , i.e. da , i.e. , i.e. , i.e. , i.e. , i.e. , i.e. , i.e. dN dN dN da

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

dN dN dN dN dN dN dN

      

       , f K R  f K R  d f K R  a d f K R  a d f K R  a d f K R  a d f K R  a d a d a a , , , , , ,

      

d 



