PSI - Issue 17

Eduardo A. Lima et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 17 (2019) 246–253 Eduardo A. Lima/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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after TTP in railway wheels are beneficial, increasing the number of cycles until crack nucleation up to 43.2% when compared to the wheels without residual stresses.

Table 3. Modified Dang Van criterion for wheel models with and without residual stress of the TTP. Wheel Models τ DVmax (MPa) N d (km) Without TTP 242.8 262170 782.5 With TTP 233.3 375490 1120.7

4. Conclusions

This work presented a three-dimensional model in finite element method for the analysis of wheel-rail contact, in the elastoplastic regime. The objective was to calculate the fatigue life until the crack nucleation in the wheel with and without the residual stresses from the thermal treatment during the manufacturing process. The results for the hoop stress obtained at the end of thermal treatment process is according to Santos (2008). The application of the loads on the wheel tread attended the necessary accuracy and reduced the computational cost. The elastic shakedown phenomenon was achieved in the both wheel models, with and without TTP. The addition of residual thermal treatment stresses in the railway wheel results in 43.2% of increase in the fatigue life. Therefore, for future studies on life of railway wheels to shelling, the effect of manufacturing residual stress must be considered and the simplified approach can be used, reducing the processing time. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge VALE S.A for sponsoring the project. Abaqus User Guide, Version 6.17, Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp., 2017. CNT. Confederação nacional do transporte. Pesquisa, CNT de Ferrovias 2015. Brasília, 2015. Accessed in February 2, 2019. URL: http://anuariodotransporte.cnt.org.br/2018/ Cram, W. D. Experimental load-stress factors, in handbook of mechanical wear, C. Lispson and L.V. Colwell, eds., University of Michigan. Press: Ann Arbor. Pp. 56-91, 1961. Van, K. D., & Griveau B. M. On a new multiaxial fatigue limit criterion: theory and applications. Proceedings of the international conference on biaxial/ multiaxial fatigue. London: Mec Eng Publication; 1989. p. 479 – 96. Hutař, P., Pokorný, P., Poduška, J., Fajkoš, R., & Náhlík, L. 2017. Effect of residual stresses on the fatigue lifetime of railway axle. Procedia Structural Integrity, 4, 42-47. Gordon, J., & Perlman, A. B. 1998. Estimation of residual stresses in railroad commuter car wheels following manufacture. Railroads, A.O.A. Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices Section C – Part II. 517. ISBN 7195847101, 2007. Morrison, R. A. "Load/Life Curves for Gear and Cam Materials." Machine D esign 40.18 (1968): 102 - 108. Moyar, G. J., & Stone, D. H. 1991. An analysis of the thermal contributions to railway wheel shelling. Wear, 144 (1 - 2), 117 - 138. Norton, R. L. Machine Design: An Integrated Approach. 2ed New jersey: Prentice Hall, 1048p. 2014. Santos F. Modelo numérico elastoplástico de contato com rolamento aplicado à análise de fadiga de rodas ferroviárias. Doctoral Thesis Campinas, SP, Brazil: Department of mechanical design; 2008. Santos, A. A., dos Santos, G. F., de Santos, F. C., Andrino, M. H., & Rosário, J. M. 2009. Application of L cr Waves to Evaluate Residual Stresses in the RIM of Railroad Forged Wheels. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, 28(2), 91 - 100. Soares, H., Anes, V., Freitas, M., & Reis, L. 2018. Fatigue life of a railway wheel under uniaxial and multiaxial loadings. Procedia Structural Integrity, 13, 1786 - 1791. Socie DF, Marques GB. Multiaxial fatigue. Warrendale: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.; 1999. Stone, D. (2008, January). An interpretive literature review of wheel shelling. In ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference (pp. 149 - 155). American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Wiest, M., Kassa, E., Daves, W., Nielsen, J. C., & Ossberger, H. 2008. Assessment of methods for calculating contact pressure in wheel - rail/switch contact. Wear, 265(9 - 10), 1439 - 1445. Zhao, X., & Li, Z. 2011. The solution of frictional wheel – rail rolling contact with a 3D transient finite element model: Validation and error analysis. Wear, 271(1 - 2), 444 - 452. References