PSI - Issue 14

164 Abhijit Kulkarni et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 14 (2019) 158–167 Abhijit Kulkarni a , Rushikesh Nanaware b , Akhilesh Kulkarni c , Vikrant Garud d / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 7 (limiting variables according to constrains) and fitness functions (equations 12-14). Three individual optimization were carried out for independent variables (M, L), (T, ) and (X, Z). Table 1 shows the constrained values of the dimensions and the optimized values after the optimization, these dimensions are the independent variables. Table 2 and 3 gives the comparison between before and after values of the dimensions which were obtained after optimization was carried out. Parameters for the optimization carried out:  Population Type & Size = Double Vector & 50 respectively  Selection Function = Stochastic Function  Mutation Function = Constrain Dependent  Crossover Function = Constrain Dependent  Function Tolerance = 1e-6  Constrain Tolerance = 1e-3

Table 1. Constrains and optimized values Dimension Constrains

Optimized Value

Minimum

Maximum

M

160 816 400 108 200 160

240

220

L T X Z

1044

916.8

520 144 280 240

470

131.7

220

195.3

Table 2. Lengths before and after optimization Dimension Before (mm)

After(mm)

A B C D E G L T V X Y Z M

260

260

557.6 422.4 688.8 262.4 875.2 845.6

557.6 422.4 688.8 262.4 875.2 916.8

216

220 470

454.2

1314.8

1214.3

226.9

220

1590.8

1626.1

218.4

195.3

5. Kinematic Analysis Kinematic analysis of the steering mechanism, with optimized dimensions, was carried out in order to verify the results obtained from the optimization. The analysis was done in Multibody Simulation Software MSC-ADAMS. As shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the steering system was modeled in the software. As ADAMS does not provide inbuilt hydraulic system’s models, the cylinders were made using two concentric rods, and to mimic the hydraulic link the measure of distance between end points of one cylinder was given as an input function to the displacement of the other mimicked cylinder, thus creating a hydraulic link. Simulation of the mechanism was carried out in 47 steps for