PSI - Issue 14

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 14 (2019) 435–441 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity and Exhibition 2018 Failure Analysis of Metallic Armoured Electro-Optic Mechanical Cables in Underwater Towed Sonar Systems Kiran Govind V * , Anshath Hussain N, Gopalakrishnan Nair VP, Sabu Sebastian M Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Thrikkakkara, Kochi, Kerala, India-682021 Abstract In towed sonar systems generally, the array is towed behind a ship using a combination of electro-optic mechanical (EOM) tow cables - negatively buoyant metallic armoured Heavy Cable and neutrally buoyant fibre armoured Light Cable- the former for depth control and latter for depth maintenance. Any failure in these cables can affect the performance of the sensor array and can even result in loss of the towed system to sea. During a series of towed array trials, it was observed that the metallic armoured cable had lost its circularity and became flattened during deployment and retrieval from ship. This may be due to the extreme radial forces acting on the cable while passing through a) rollers located at winch spooler and b) main fairlead comprising of 5 rollers located at aft end of ship, which causes permanent changes in cable’s internal configuration. To verify the cause and study the effects of such flattening on functionality and life of the cable, cyclic load testing studies were carried out after simulating the actual deployment-retrieval conditions as that in the ship. Both indigenously developed and imported cable samples were chosen as test samples for performance comparis n. During the tests, it was observed that severe flattening of armour and core cable resulting in failure f electrical & optical lines had occurred in indigen us cabl samples. The import cable samples showed no flatness or failu of lines. Based on the results, steps were taken to improve the radial load beari g capacity of he indigenous cable. Modifications were made in a) core cable sheath material b) core cable sheath thickness & c) armour wire material and an improved indigenous cable was developed, which has withstood all the above tests and is now ready to be inducted to the system for sea trials. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Peer-review under responsibility of the SICE 2018 organizers. 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity and Exhibition 2018 Failure Analysis of Metallic Armoured Electro-Optic Mechanical Cables in Underwater Towed Sonar Systems Kiran Govind V * , Anshath Hussain N, Gopalakrishnan Nair VP, Sabu Sebastian M Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Thrikkakkara, Kochi, Kerala, India-682021 Abstract In towed sonar s stems generally, the array is towed behind a ship using a comb nation of electro-optic m chanical (EOM) tow ables - negativ ly buoyant etallic rmoured Heavy Cable and neutrally buoyant fibr armoured Light Cable- the former for d pth control and latter for depth maintenance Any failure in these cables can affect the perf rmance of he sensor array and can even resu t in loss of the owe syste to sea. During a series of towed ar ay tri s, it was observed that the me allic armoured cable had lost its circularity and became flattened during deploymen and retrieval fr m ship. This may b ue to the extreme radial f rces ac ing o the cable le passing th ough a) rollers located at w ch spooler and b) main fairlead comprising of 5 rollers located at aft end of ship, which causes permanent changes in cable’s internal configuration. To ve ify the cause and study effects of such flatt ning on func ionality and life of the cable, cyclic load testing studies were carried out after imulating the ctual deployme t-retrieval conditi ns s that in the ship. Bo h indigen u ly developed and importe cable samples were chosen as test samples for pe f rmance c mp rison. During the te ts, it was observed that severe flatten ng of armour and ore cable resulting in failure of el ctric l & optical lines had occurr d in indigenous cable samples. The imported cable samples show d no fl tn ss r failure of lines. Based on the results, st ps were taken to improv t radial load bearing capacity of the indigenous cable. Modificati ns were made in a) core cable s eath material b) core cabl sheath th ck ess & c) armour wire material and an improved indigenous cable was developed, which has withstood all the above tests and is now ready to be inducted to the system for sea trials. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND lic ns (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- c-nd/4.0/) Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Peer-review under responsibility of the SICE 2018 organizers. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Peer-review under responsibility of the SICE 2018 organizers. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Keywords: Towed array sonar; Electro-Optic Mechanical (EOM) tow cables; Metallic armored cable; Cycic load testing; Keywords: Towed array sonar; Electro-Optic Mechanical (EOM) tow cables; Metallic armored cable; Cycic load testing;

2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Peer-review under responsibility of the SICE 2018 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- c-nd/4.0/) Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Peer-review under responsibility of the SICE 2018 organizers.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Peer-review under responsibility of the SICE 2018 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2019.05.053