PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 728–734 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Int grity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured polylactide (PLA) O. H. Ezeh and L. Susmel * Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is a group of fabrication techniques through which materials are joined, usually layer upon layer, to make objects from three-dimensional virtual models. Owing to its unique features, this disruptive technology is set to transform the way designers across all engineering disciplines engage with manufacturing. Since this fabrication process affect the way materials behave under static, dynamic and time-variable loading, it is evident that the mechanical performance during in-service operation of AM materials must be studied in depth in order to effectively de-risk their usage in situations of engineering interest. Not only by running appropriate experiments, but also by re-analyzing a number of data sets taken from the literature, the present paper investigates the influence of raster orientation as well as of non-zero mean stresses on the fatigue behavior of AM polylactide (PLA). PLA is biodegradable polymer that can be 3D printed easily and at a relatively low cost. As far as objects are manufacture flat on the build plate, the results being obtained suggest that: (i) the effect of the raster direction can be neglected with little loss of accuracy; (ii) the presence of non-zero mean stresses can be modelled effectively by simply using the maximum stress in the cycle. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Additive manufacturing; polylactide (PLA); fatigue; mean stress effect, raster orientation 1. Introduction AM brings promise of a new industrial revolution by offering the capacity to manufacture parts through constant deposition of material layers directly from numerical models. Designers can achieve many intricate and complex geometric designs which would fall short on traditional processes. Thanks to its unique features, in the near future AM is expected to lead to new design paradigms that can result in components characterized by superior in-service performance and manufactured by reducing the usage of natural resources and energy. Further, the use of AM could result in quicker ways to make repair of expensive and/or rare parts, to manufacture in remote locations, and to fabricate customized parts on demand. However, to fully exploit this enormous potential, the mechanical behavior of ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured polylactide (PLA) O. H. Ezeh and L. Susmel * Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is a group of fabrication techniques through which materials are joined, usually layer upon layer, to make objects from three-dimensional virtual models. Owing to its uniqu features, this disruptive technology is set to tra sform the w y designers across all engineeri g disciplines engage with manufact ring. Since t is fabrication process affect the w y materials behav und static, dynamic and time-variabl loading, it s evident that the mechanical pe forma ce during in-service operation of AM materials must be studied in depth in order to effectively de-risk their usage i situations of engineering interest. Not only by running appropriate experim nts, but also by e-analyzing a numb r of data sets taken from the literature, th prese paper investigates the influence of raster orientation as well as of on-zero mean stresses on he fatigue be av or of AM polylactide (PLA). PLA i biodegradable polymer that c n be 3D printed easily and at a relatively l w cost. As far as objects are manufacture flat on the build plate, the results being obtained suggest that: (i) the effect of th rast r directi n can be neglect d with little loss of accuracy; (ii) the res nc of non-zero mean stresses can be modelled tively by imply using the maximum stress in the cycle. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Additive manufacturing; polylactide (PLA); fatigue; mean stress ffect, raster orientation 1. Introduction AM brings promise of a new industrial revolution by offering the capacity to manufacture parts through constant deposition of material layers directly from numerical models. Designers can achieve many intricate and complex geometric designs which would fall short on traditional processes. Thanks to its unique features, in the near future AM is expected to lead to new esign paradigms that can result in components characterized by superior in-service perfo mance a manufactured by r duci g the usage of natural resources and energy. Further, the use of AM could result in quicker ways to make repair of expensive and/or rare parts, to manufacture in remote locations, and to fabricate customized parts on demand. However, to fully exploit this enormous potential, the echanical behavior of © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: l.susmel@sheffield.ac.uk * Corresponding author. E-mail ad ress: l.susmel@sheffield.ac.uk

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.121