PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 373–378 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Int grity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Experimental tests on new titanium alloy interbody cervical cages Guido La Rosa a , Carmelo Clienti a , Rosalia Mineo b a DICAR, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy b MT Ortho s.r.l., Via Fossa Lupo, 95025 Aci S.Antonio, Catania, Italy Abstract Degener tive diseases of the spine, when not solvable with clinical treatments or with suitable stabilization systems, can be cured by means of the technique of arthrodesis through the interbody fusion of two or more vertebrae. The paper deals with the tests carried out on com ercial and innovative cervical cages, used in the primary stabilization of the vertebrae, able to maintain the right distance and to assure the interbody fusion. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a powerful new tool offering the necessary comp titiveness to th biomedical manufacturing companies, having the possibility to create materials with controlled poro ity combined with solid parts, providing to the workpiece excellent capacity in the subsequent phases of osseointegration. Based on the knowledge developed either in the biomechanics of the spine or in the properties of biocompatibility and osseointegration of titanium alloys, MT Ortho has developed some models of cervical cage made from modern additive printing techniques with titanium alloy. Three different cervical cage made of different materials were subjected to static compression test: a commercial cervical intervertebral cage in PEEK and two cervical intervertebral cages in Ti alloy produced by the EBM process by MT Ortho. Tests o the inn vative cage produced by EBM have show e cou aging results. From this first preliminary analys s its showed that the mechanical and functional failure of the innovative devices m de in m lted Ti alloy by EBM is achieved by loa values greate th n physiol gical one of the cervical spine. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Cervical cages; Additive Manufacturing; EBM Ti alloy; Biomechanical tests. Degenerative diseases of the spine, particularly the cervical spine, when not solvable with clinical treatments or with suitable stabilization systems, can be cured by means of the technique of arthrodesis through the interbody fusion of two or more vertebrae. The resulting motility loss is however compensated by the effectiveness of stabilization, which ensures the very serious risks associated with spondylolisthesis and/or possible cord injury. Over the past decades numerous arthrodesis techniques have been developed, either through bone grafts or by insertion of external or interbody stabilization systems (Rolander 1966, White and Panjabi 1990). Among these, depending on the operative technique and the system morphology, many devices have been produced capable of stabilizing the vertebrae, spacing them properly and encourage the colonization of bone tissue in intersomatic zones to ensure interbody spinal fusion. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Experimental tests on new titanium alloy interbody cervical cages Guido La Rosa a , Carmelo Clienti a , Rosalia Mineo b a DICAR, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy b MT Ortho s.r.l., Via Fossa Lupo, 95025 Aci S.Antonio, at i , t ly Abstract Degenerative diseases of the spine, when not solvable with clinical treatments or with suitable stabilization systems, can be cured by means of the technique of arthrodesis through th interbody fusion of two or more vertebrae. The paper deals with the tests carried out on commercial and inn vative cervical cages, use in the primary stabilization of th vertebra , able to maintain the right istance and to assure t e i terbody fusion. Additive manufa turing (AM) is a p werful new tool offering the neces ary competitiven ss to the biomedical manufact ring companies, having the possibility to create mat rials with co troll d porosit bined with solid parts, providing to the workpiece excell nt capacity in th ubsequent phases of osseointegration. Based on the knowledge developed either in the biomechanics of th spine or in the properties of biocompatibility and osseointegr tion f titanium alloys, MT Ortho has developed some models of cervical cage made from modern additive pri ting techniques with ll . Three different cer ical cage ade f different materials were subjected to static compression test: a commercial cervical intervertebral cag i PEEK nd two cervical interv rtebr l cages in Ti alloy produced by the EBM proc ss by MT O tho. T sts on th innovative cage produced by EBM have shown encouraging results. From this first pr liminary analysis its showed that the mecha ical and functional failure of the innovative d vices made in melted Ti alloy by EBM is achieved by load valu s greater than physiological ones of the cervical spine. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Cervical cages; Additive Manufacturing; EBM Ti alloy; Biomechanical tests. 1. Introduction Degenerative diseases of the spine, particularly the cervical spine, when not solvable with clinical treatments or with suitable stabilization systems, can be cured by means of the technique of arthrodesis through the interbody fusion of two or more v rtebrae. The resulting motility loss is wever compens ted by the effectiveness of stabilization, which ensures the very serious risks associated with spondylolisthesis and/or possi le cord injury. Over the past decades numerous arthrodesis techniques have been developed, either through bone grafts or by insertion of external or interbody stabilization systems (Rolander 1966, White and Panjabi 1990). Among these, depending on the operative technique and the system morphology, many devices have been produced capable of stabilizing the vertebrae, spacing them properly and encourage the c lonization of bone tissue in intersomatic zones t ensure interbody spinal fusion. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. 1. Introduction

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.062