PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 347–352 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 0– 0 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental e ff ects on Structural Integrity Experimental investigation of mixed mode fracture of tropical wood material Odounga Bernard a,b , Moutou Pitti Rostand a,c, ∗ , Toussaint Evelyne a , Gre´diac Michel a a Universite´ Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, CNRS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France b Universite´ des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, E´ cole Polytechnique d Masuku, BP 901, Franceville, Gabon c CENAREST, IRT, BP. 14070, Libreville, Gabon Abstract The process of mixed-mode crack growth of three tropical species of the Gabonese forest, namely iroko (Milicia Excelsa) , okume (Pierre Aucoumea klainean ) , and padouk (Pterocarpus soyauxii) is stu ied in this paper. Di ff erent tests were carried out at room temperature for di ff erent thicknesses. A full-field measurement technique, namely the grid method, was used to obtain both the displacement and deformation maps near the crack tip. The mechanical parameters, the specificities of the wood species, the Arcan system and the grid transfer method are described in the paper. For all the samples, the initial crack was oriented along the fiber direction (RL). Fracture tests were performed using modified Mixed Mode Crack Growth (MMCG) specimen. A thickness of the specimens is 20 mm , and a mixed mode ratio corresponding to 15 0 were studied. The force-displacement curves, the crack growth process as well as the p ning crack were deduced from grid images treated with the grid method. The experimental critical energy release rate Gc was evaluated by the imposed displacement compliance method. The di ff erent results show the predomi nance of mode 1 compared to mode 2. The proportionality of the initial value of the energy release rate with respect to the density of these species is also highlighted. c 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Fracture, tropical species, MMCG specimens, grid method. ; © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review und r responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental e ff ects on Structural Integrity Experi ental investigation of ixed ode fracture of tropical wood aterial Odounga Bernard a,b , Moutou Pitti Rostand a,c, ∗ , Toussaint Evelyne a , Gre´diac Michel a a Universite´ Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, CNRS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France b Universite´ des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, E´ cole Polytechnique de Masuku, BP 901, Franceville, Gabon c CENAREST, IRT, BP. 14070, Libreville, Gabon Abstract The process of mix d-mod crack growth of three tr pical species of the Gabon se forest, namely iroko (Milicia Excelsa) , okume (Pierre Aucoumea klaineana) , and padouk (Pterocarpus soy uxii) is studied in this paper. Di ff erent tests were carried out at room temperature for di ff erent thicknesses. A full-field measurement technique, namely the grid method, was used to obtain both the displacement and deformation maps near the crack tip. The mechanical parameters, the specificities of the wood species, the Arcan system and the grid transfer method are described in the paper. For all the samples, the initial crack was oriented along the fiber direction (RL). Fracture tests were performed using modified Mixed Mode Crack Growth (MMCG) specimen. A thickness of the specimens is 20 mm , and a mixed mode ratio corresponding to 15 0 were studied. The force-displacement curves, the crack growth process as well as the opening crack were deduced from grid images treated with the grid method. The experimental critical energy release rate Gc was evaluated by the imposed displacement compliance method. The di ff erent results show the predomi nance of mode 1 compared to mode 2. The proportionality of the initial value of the energy release rate with respect to the density of these species is also highlighted. c 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. P r-review unde responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Fracture, tropical species, MMCG specimens, grid method. ;

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

1. Introduction 1. Introduction

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

Today, wood is one of the solutions that durably limit the global warming of our planet. In Central Africa and especially in equatorial regions, the forest plays a key role in this regulation. In the case of Gabon, a country with an area of 267.667 km 2 , the forest occupies more than 85% of the territory, 13% of which represents the protected parks that are home to the fauna and flora. The recent decision to stop the export of tropical species has paved the way for their local extension and their more widespread use in local individual and industrial buildings. However, the mechanical behavior of local species depends to a large extent on temperature and humidity variations, which Today, wood is one of the solutions that durably limit the global warming of our planet. In Central Africa and especially in equatorial regions, the forest plays a key role in this regulation. In the case of Gabon, a country with an area of 267.667 km 2 , the forest occupies more than 85% of the territory, 13% of which represents the protected parks that are home to the fauna and flora. The recent decision to stop the export of tropical species has paved the way for their local extension and their more widespread use in local individual and industrial buildings. However, the mechanical behavior of local species depends to a large extent on temperature and humidity variations, which

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt ∗ Moutou Pitti Rostand. Tel.: + 33 473 407 532 ; fax: + 33 473 407 494. E-mail address: rostand.moutou pitti@uca.fr ∗ Moutou Pitti Rostand. Tel.: + 33 473 407 532 ; fax: + 33 473 407 494. E-mail address: rostand.moutou pitti@uca.fr

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2210-7843 c 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2210-7843 c 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.058