PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedirect.com Sci ceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018) 133 –1335 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Evaluation of blistered and cold deformed ULC steel with melt extraction and thermal desorption spectroscopy A. Laureys, L. Claeys, M. Pinson, T. Depover, K. Verbeken* Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University (UGent), Tech Lane Ghent Science Park - Campus A, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Abstract Hydrogen characterization techniques like melt extraction and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) are useful tools in order to evaluate and understand the interaction between hydrogen and metals. These two techniques are used here on cold deformed ultra low carbon (ULC) steel with and without hydrogen induced damage. The material is charged electrochemically in order to induce varying amounts of hydrogen and variable degrees of hydrogen induced damage. The aim of this work is to evaluate to which extent the hydrogen induced damage would manifest itself in melt extraction and TDS measurements. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under resp sibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: ultra-low carbon steel, melt extraction, thermal desorption spectroscopy, blisters, cold deformation 1. Introduction Electrochemical charging is widely used to introduce hydrogen in steels nd investigate the steel/hydrogen interaction. A wide variety of cha ging condit ons with varying charging time, charging current density, electrolyte, temperature,.. have been applied throughout scientific literature for this purpose. Intensive electrochemical charging can induce both surface (blisters) and internal damage in a material, as demonstrated by Pérez Escobar et al. (2011). De Bruycker et al. (2014) simulated situations where hydrogen induced cracking occurs, for instance for hydrogen flakes in the reactor pressure vessels. The internal pressure theory, proposed by Zapffe and Sims (1941) and further elaborated by Tetelman and Robertson (1963), explains hydrogen induced cracking as resulting from the pressure ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Evaluation of blistered and cold deformed ULC steel with melt extraction and thermal desorption spectroscopy A. Laureys, L. Claeys, M. Pinson, T. Depover, K. Verbeken* Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University (UGent), Tech Lane Ghent Science Park - Campus A, Technologi park 903, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Abstract Hydrogen characterization techniques like melt extraction and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) are useful tools in order to evaluate and understand the interaction between hydrogen and metals. These two techniques are used here on cold deformed ultra low c rbo (ULC) teel with and without hydrogen induced a age. The ma erial is charged electroc mically in order to induce varying amounts of hydrogen and variable egr es of hy rogen induced d mage. The aim of this work is to evaluate t whi h extent the hydrogen induced damage wou d manif t itself in melt extraction and TDS measurements. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under respons bility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: ultra-low carbon steel, melt extraction, thermal desorption spectroscopy, blisters, cold deformation 1. Introduction Electrochemical charging is widely used to intr uce hydrogen in st els and investigate the steel/hyd ogen interaction. A wide variety of charging conditions with varying ch rging time, charging current density, electrolyte, temperature,.. have been applied throughout scientific literature for this purpose. Intensive el ctrochemical charging can induce bot surface (blisters) and internal damage in a material, as demonstrated by Pérez Escobar et al. (2011). De Bruy ker et al. (2014) simulated situations where hydrogen induce cracking occurs, for instance for hydrogen flakes in the r actor pressure vessels. The internal pressure theory, proposed by Zapffe and Sims (1941) and further elaborated by Tetelman and Robertson (1963), ex lains hydrogen induced cracking as resulting from the pressure © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +32-9-331-0453; E-mail address: Kim.verbeken@ugent.be * Corresponding author. Tel.: +32-9-331-0453; E-mail address: Kim.verb ken@ugent.be

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 o ganizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.279