PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at ww.sciencedire t.com Sci ceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 496–5 2 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural I t gri y Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Development and testing of the reinforced wooden windows Uroš Tatić a *, Barbara Šubic a , Aleš Ugovšek a , Nejc Starman a , Uros Gantar b , Jože Lopatič b a M Sora d.d., Trg Svobode 2, Žiri 4226, Slovenia b Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Jamova cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia Abstract Oversized window systems with extreme heights are becoming increasingly popular at European and global market. Such sizes can cause problems of bending of wooden elements which results in the decrease of main window properties and structural integrity. Double casement wooden windows of the 2 m height, with and without reinforcement, were tested at the pressure load of 2000 Pa in order to define its behaviour and develop numerical simulation. Numerical models were defined as an assembly of individual wooden elements with mutual contact, orthotropic behaviour, simulated dowels constrain and insulated triple glass unit. Simulations have provided insight in to mutual behaviour of all individual elements and have proven that contact between window and the wall represents weak point rather than the integrity of the wooden frame elements as initially assumed. During the next phase special reinforcements used to restrain moments at the contact points were tested both numerically and psychically. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: wood, window, reinforcement, orthotropic, numerical simulation 1. Introduction Development of the new technologies and designed solutions present in the global market over the last years has led to a significant increase in the demand for open space building design. Also window element surfaces have increased and represent 50-70 % of the building envelope in order to optimize low energy consumption and high visual comfort (C. E. Ochoa at al., 2012) Oversized window syste s with heights above 2 m represent a base for new architectural demands and are becoming increasingly popular at both European and global market. Increase in sizes can cause problems of bending of sle der wood n elements which could results in the decrease of main windows properties, quality and functionality. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Development and testing of the reinforced wooden windows Uroš Tatić a *, Barbara Šubic a , Aleš Ugovšek a , Nejc Starman a , Uros Gantar b , Jože Lopatič b a M Sora d.d., Trg Svobode 2, Žiri 4226, Slovenia b Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Jamova cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia Abstract Oversized window systems with extreme heights are becoming increasingly popular at European and global market. Such sizes can cause problems of bending of wooden elements which results i the decrease of main window properties and structural integrity. Double case ent woode windows of the 2 m height, with and without reinforce ent, ere tested at th pressure load of 2000 Pa in order to define its behaviour and develop numerical simulation. Numerical models were defined as an assembly of individual wooden eleme ts with mut al contact, orthotropic behaviour, simulated dowels constrain and insul ted triple glass unit. Simulations have provided insight in to mutual behaviour of all individ al lements and have proven that contact between window and the wall represents weak point rather than the integrity of the wooden frame elements as initially assumed. During the next phase special reinforcements used to restrain moments at the contact p ints were test d both numerically and psychically. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer- eview under resp sibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywo ds: w od, windo , reinforcem nt, orthotropic, numerical simulation 1. Introduction Development of the new technologies and designed solutions present in the global market over the last years has led to a significant increase in the demand for open space building design. Also window element surfaces have increased and represent 50-70 % of the building envelope in order to optimize low energy consumption and high visual comfort (C. E. Ochoa at al., 2012) Oversized window systems with heights above 2 m represent a base for new architectural demands and are b coming ncreasingly popular at both European and global market. Increase in sizes can cause problems of bending of slender wooden elements which could results in the decrease of main windows properties, quality and functionality. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +386-68-628-229. E-mail address: uros.tatic@m-sora.si * Corresponding author. Tel.: +386-68-628-229. E-mail address: ros.tatic@m-sora.si

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.082