PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com Sci ceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 652–657 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Int grity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental Effects on Structural Integrity Controlled fracture of brittle solid materials based on wave dynamics Koji Uenishi a,b, *, Shintaro Sakaguchi b , Naoyuki Shigeno b , Hiroshi Yamachi c , Junichiro Nakamori c a Department of Advanced Energy, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8561 Chiba, Japan b Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan c Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd., 518-1 Komagi, Nagareyama, 270-0132 Chiba, Japan It is critically important to establish controllable fracturing techniques for safer and more effective operation in disintegration (or partial removal) of complex structures made of solid materials. Therefore, we have been developing more precise methods for controlled dynamic fracture of brittle solid materials based on the theory of wave dynamics that takes into account the influence of wave p opagation and interaction with inhomogeneities such as free surfaces, interfaces and e.g. reinforcing steel bars in concrete. For this aim, instead of explosives, using more easily handleable electric discharge impulses, we have experimentally investigated optimal eometrical nd dynamic lo ding co ditions for fracture of a giv n structure in the field. Comprehensive experimental observations wit a high- pe d digital video cam ra and computations by our fully hree-dimensional fi ite difference simulator hav in icated that crack development in brittle solid materials may be governed by the combination of direct waves from blast holes (energy sources) and reflected / diffracted ones. Here, we show especially that sets of blast holes surrounded or sandwiched by e pty dummy holes may indeed control the dynamics of waves (and thus main crack propagation and final disintegration pattern) in rectangular concrete structures, even when all blast holes are simultaneously pressurized and waves are radiated from all energy sources concurrently. The technique mentioned in this work may be employed to actualize not only crack extension in a desired direction but also rather precisely controlled dynamic fracture of (parts of) brittle solid materials. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental Effects on Structural Integrity Controlled fracture of brittle solid materials based on wave dynamics Koji Uenishi a,b, *, Shintaro Sakaguchi b , Naoyuki Shigeno b , Hiroshi Yamachi c , Junichiro Nakamori c a Department of Advanced Energy, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8561 Chiba, Japan b Department of Aeron utics a d Astronautics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, J pan c Sumitomo M tsui Con t uction Co., Ltd., 518-1 K magi, Nagareyama, 270-0132 Chiba, Japan Abstract It is critically important to establish controllable fracturing techniques for safer and more effective operation in disintegration (or partial removal) of complex structures made of solid materials. Theref re, we have be n d veloping more precise methods f r controlled dynamic fracture of brittle solid materials based on the theory of wave dynamics that takes into account the influence f wave propagation and interaction with inho ogeneities such as free surfaces, interfaces and e.g. reinforcing steel bars i concr te. For this im, instead of explosives, using more easily handleable el ctric discharge impulses, we have experimentally investigated optimal geometrical and dynamic loading conditions for fractur of a given structure in the field. Comprehensive experimental bservations with high-speed digit l video camera and c mputations by our f lly three-dimensional finite difference simulat r hav indicated that crack development in brittle solid materials may be governed by the co bination of direct waves fro blast oles (energy sources) and reflected / diffracted ones. Here, we show especially that sets of blast holes surrounded or sandwiched by mpty dummy holes may ind ed control the dynamics of waves (and thus main crack propagation and final disintegration pattern) in rectangular concrete structures, even when all blast holes are simultaneously pressurized and waves are radiated from all energy sources concurrently. The techniqu mentioned in this work may be employed to actualize not only crack extension in a desired direction but also rather precisely controlled dynamic fracture of (parts of) brittle solid materials. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Controlled dynamic fracture; Wave interaction; Mechanism of fracture © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Controlled dynamic fracture; Wave interaction; Mechanism of fracture Abstract

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-4-7136-3824; fax: +81-4-7136-3824. E-mail address: uenishi@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp * Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-4-7136-3824; fax: +81-4-7136-3824. E-mail ad ress: enishi@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.108