PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com cienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 959–964 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural I tegrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Vibrodiagnostics as the tool of a tap wear monitoring Peter Monka a , Katarina Monkova a, *, Marek Uban b , Lumir Hruzik c , Martin Vasina c a Faculty of Manufacturing technologies with the seat in Presov, Technical University in Kosice, Sturova 31, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia b Faculty of mechanical engineering, West Bohemia University in Pilsen, Universitni 22, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic c Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba. Czech Republic The article deals with vibro-diagnostics of wear of selected taps - tools for inner thread making. During machining process, it occurs to the tool wear. Except the abrasion on the tool flank and the plastic deformation, it begins to appear also the buil t-up edge on the face of the cutting tool that is a reason of the worse quality of machined surface and deformed threads. The tests have shown that a short time after these phenomena, it occurs to the cutting-edge cleavage or the tool body breaks in "brittle fracture" way. On-line monitoring of vibrations enables operator to control cutting process and to observe the level of tool wear without necessity to interrupt machining process caused by taking out the tool and measuring values of cutting wedge wear. The taps for M12 thread making with tolerance 6H and with helix lead 0°, 15° and 35° were used during experiments. The functional length of threads was 20 mm what means that the tool worked to the depth of 25.25 mm of p -drilled hole. The tools were made from High Speed St el (HSS-E) and they were uncoat d. Machine materi l was th steel C45 (STN 41 2050). It is unalloyed steel that is usually used as a reference material for tool life tests according to appropriate standards. Records of vibrodiagnostics signals were done by means of TDG141-recorder-USB-4k equipment. Signals were processed and evaluated by means of software NI LabVIEW at two cutting speeds of tap vc = 10 and 20 mmin -1 . Three accelerometers were used for signals obtaining. The first one was joined to spindle of the machine (CNC milling center Pinnacle VMC 650), the next two were joined to the workpiece in two different axes normal to each other. The most important and corresponding signals were obtained from the accelerometer no.1, where the changes in the wear level have been registered. Using the Fast Fourier Transformation, it has been specified that the tool wear is related to frequency spectra in the range of 750-1000 Hz. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Vibrodiagnostics as the tool of a tap wear monitoring Peter Monka a , Katarina Monkova a, *, Marek Uban b , Lumir Hruzik c , Martin Vasina c a Faculty of Manufacturing technologies with the seat in Presov, Technical University in Kosice, Sturova 31, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia b Faculty o mechanical e gine ring, West Bohemia University in Pilsen, Un versitni 22, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech R public c Faculty of Mechanical Engi eering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/217 , 7 8 33 Ostrava-Poruba. Cze h Republic Abstract The article deals with vibro-diagnostics of wear of selected taps - tools for inner thread making. During machining process, it occurs to the tool wear. Except the abrasion on the tool flank and the plastic deformation, it begins to appear also the buil t-up edge on the face of the cutting tool that is a reason of the worse quality of ma hined surface and deformed threads. The tests have shown that a short time after these phenomen , it occurs to th c tting-edge leavage or the tool body breaks in "brittle fracture" way. On-line m nitoring of vibrations enables operator to control cutting process and to observe the level of tool wear without necessity to interrupt machining pr cess caused by t king out the tool a d measuring values of cutting wedge wear. The taps for M12 thread making with tolerance 6H and with helix lead 0°, 15° and 35° were used during experiments. The functional length of threads was 20 mm what means that the tool worked to the depth of 2 .25 mm of pre-drill d hole. The tools were m de from Hig Speed Steel (HSS-E) and they were uncoated. Machin d material was the steel C45 (STN 41 2050). It is unalloyed steel that is usually used as a reference material for t ol life tests according to appropriate standards. Records of vibrodiagnostics signals were done by means of TDG141-recorder-USB-4k equipment. Signals were processed and evaluated by means of oftware NI LabVIEW at two cutting speeds of tap vc = 10 and 20 m i -1 . Three accelerometers were used for signals obtaining. The first one was joined t spindle of the machine (CNC milling center Pinnacle VMC 650), the n xt two were joined to the workpiece in two different axes normal to each other. The most important and corresponding signals w re obtain d from the accelerom t r no.1, wh re the changes in the wear level have been registered. U ing the Fast Fourier Transformation, it h s be n sp cified that the tool wear is related to frequency spectra in the ran e of 750-1000 Hz. Abstract

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers.

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Keywords: vibrations, diagnostics, tap – tool for thread making, tool wear, brittle fracture, Fast Fourier Transformation Keywords: vibrations, diagnostics, tap – tool for thread making, tool wear, brittle fracture, Fast Fourier Transformation

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.179