PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at ww.sciencedire t.com cienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 965–97 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural I t grity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Validating 3D two-parameter fracture mechanics for structural integrity assessments C.A. Simpson a *, S. Tonge a , A. C ar a , C. Reinhard b , T.J. Marrow c , M. Mostafavi a a Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK a DIAD Beamline, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK c Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK Abstract In-situ fracture tests were carried out on the I12 beamline at the Diamond Light Source. Four Al-Ti metal-matrix composites (MMCs), with varying combinations of thickness and crack length, were studied to assess for the impact of in-plane and out-of-plane constraint. Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography and synchrotron X-ray diffraction were used to measure total strain and elastic strain respectively. The total strain was calculated via digital volume correlation, with Ti particles within the MMC providing sufficient texture to track the internal displacement vectors in 3D. The total, elastic-plastic strain energy release rate, J total was calculated from 2D slices extracted from the 3D displacement field, with J total reaching a maximu value at the sample surface. It is, however, still unclear whether calculating J total on a slice-by-slice basis provides an accurate representation of strain energy release rate across th crack front; techniques to evaluate the J-integral from the full 3D displacement fiel are b ing dev loped. © 2018 The Author . Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review und r responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: strain energy release rate; J-integral; plastic constraint; XRD; XCT; DVC; DIC 1. Introduction Understanding the impact of constraint on fracture behaviour is central to the accurate, non-conservative life ass ssment of safety critical structural components used in the aerospace and nuclear industries. The fracture resistance of cracked bodies with low levels of plastic constraint is significantly under-estimated when using a single parameter © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Validating 3D two-parameter fracture mechanics for structural integrity assessments C.A. Simpson a *, S. Tonge a , A. Cinar a , C. Reinhard b , T.J. Marrow c , M. Mostafavi a a Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK a DIAD Beamline, Diamo d Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus Didc t OX11 0DE, UK c epartment of Mate ials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK Abstract In-situ fracture tests wer c rried out on the I12 beamline at the D amon Light Source. Four Al-Ti metal-matrix composites (MMCs), ith v rying combinations of thick ss and crack length, were studied to assess for the i pact of in-plane and out-of-plane constraint. Synchrotron X-ray computed tomo raphy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction were used to measure total strain and elastic strain respectively. The total strain was calculated via digital volume correlation, with Ti particles within the MMC providing sufficient texture to track the intern l displacement ectors in 3D. The total, elastic-plastic strain nergy release rate, J total was calculated from 2D slices extracted from the 3D displacem nt field, with J total reaching a maximum valu at the sample surface. It is, however, still unclear w ther calc lating J total on a slice-by-slice b sis provides an accur te repr senta ion of strain en rgy release acr ss he ra k front; tec niques to valuate the J-integral from the full 3D displacement fiel are being developed. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: strain energy release rate; J-integral; plastic constraint; XRD; XCT; DVC; DIC 1. Introduction Und rstanding the impact of constrai t on fractur behaviour is central to the accurate, non-conservative life assessment of safety critical structural components used in the aerospace and nuclear industries. The fracture resistance of cracked bodies with low l vels of plastic constraint is significantly under-estimated when using a single parameter © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: c.simpson@bristol.ac.uk * Corresponding author. E-mail ad ress: c.simpson@bristol.ac.uk

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 o ganizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.180