PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018) 1408–1413 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 0 (20 8) 0– 0 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Publi hed by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental e ff ects on Structural Integrity Vacuum vs argon technology for hydrogen measurement A. M. Polyanskiy a , V. A. Polyanskiy b,c, ∗ , K. P. Frolova b,c , Yu. A. Yakovlev b,c a RDC Electron & Beam Technology, Ltd., Bronevaya str. 6, St. Petersburg 198188, Russia b Peter th Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic U iversity, Polytekhnicheskaya str. 29, St. P tersb rg 195251, Russi c Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering RAS, V.O. Bolshoy pr. 61, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia Abstract Within the framework of this paper, we review the development of the problem of hydrogen diagnostic for metals. Metal sample enrichment techniques based on hydrogen vacuum extraction method used for a long time. Development of the industrial control technologies has led to the almost complete replacement of vacuum techniques with “atmospheric” ones. As a result systematic errors have occurred. These rrors lead to multiple di ff erences between certified and measured hydrogen ncentration values for standard samples. In this paper, we analyze reasons of systematic errors genesis observed for hydrogen measurements while applying the thermal conductivity cell technique. As a result, we demonstrated that measurements resulting from samples heating and melting in the inert gas flow depend on its heat capacity and surface temperature of the melting pot. Due to this reason, one can obtain multiple errors and even negative values for measurements of a low hydrogen concentration. c 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: hydrogen diagnostic; hydrogen analyzer; extraction in the inert gas flow; thermal conductivity cell ECF22 - Loading and Environmental e ff ects on Structural Integrity Vacuum vs argon technology for hydrogen measurement A. M. Polya skiy a , V. A. Polyanskiy b,c, ∗ , K. P. Frolova b,c , Yu. A. Yakovlev b,c a RDC Electron & Beam Technology, Ltd., Bronevaya str. 6, St. Petersburg 198188, Russia b Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytekhnicheskaya str. 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia c Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering RAS, V.O. Bolshoy pr. 61, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia Abstract Within the framework of this paper, we review the development of the problem of hydrogen diagnostic for metals. Metal sample enrichment techniques based on hydrogen vacuum extraction method used for a long time. Development of the industrial control technologies has led to the almost complet replacement of vacuum techniqu s with “atmospheric” nes. As a result systematic errors have occurred. These errors lead to multiple di ff erences between certified and measured hydrogen concentration values for standard samples. In this paper, we analyze reasons of systematic errors genesis observed for hydrogen measurements while applying the thermal conductivity cell technique. As a result, we demonstrated that measurements resulting from samples heating and melting in the inert gas flow depend on its heat capacity and surface temperature of the melting pot. Due to this reason, one can obtain multiple errors and even negative values for measurements of a low hydrogen concentration. c 2018 The Aut ors. Published by Elsevier B.V. r-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: hydrogen diagnostic; hydrogen analyzer; extraction in the inert gas flow; thermal conductivity cell In 1961 Fremy published the results of investigation of the hydrogen occlusion in iron. He found that steel can be obtained from iron alloys only if hydrogen is removed Fremy (1861). Nevertheless, hydrogen had been often used for improvement of the steel quality for the next 40 years Gesner (1901). Appearance of discontinuities in rolling, in other words, flocs, was one more problem at the beginning of the 20th century. Initially, their formation was explained by the iron hydroxides presence Bernhard (1915). Later it was found out that the reason both of the flocs formation and decrease of the impact toughness resulting in the steels brittleness is dissolved hydrogen Keiichi (1938) accumulating in the liquid metal in the open-hearth furnace. Application of hydrogen diagnostics in the industry appeared at the beginning of the forties de Haas and Hadfield (1934); Zap ff e and Sims (1941). Nowadays measurements of the hydrogen concentration is performed serially for © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. In 1961 Fremy published the results of investigation of the hydrogen occlusion in iron. He found that steel can be obtained from iron alloys only if hydrogen is removed Fremy (1861). Nevertheless, hydrogen had been often used for improvement of the steel quality for the next 40 years Gesner (1901). Appearance of discontinuities in rolling, in other words, flocs, was one more problem at the beginning of the 20th century. Initially, their formation was explained by the iron hydroxides presence Bernhard (1915). Later it was found out that the reason both of the flocs formation and decrease of the impact toughness resulting in the steels brittleness is dissolved hydrogen Keiichi (1938) accumulating in the liquid metal in the open-hearth furnace. Application of hydrogen diagnostics in the industry appeared at the beginning of the forties de Haas and Hadfield (1934); Zap ff e and Sims (1941). Nowadays measurements of the hydrogen concentration is performed serially for Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. 1. Introduction 1. Introduction

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: + 7-921-748-0637; fax: + 7-812-321-4771. E-mail address: vapol@mail.ru 2210-7843 c 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: + 7-921-748-0637; fax: + 7-812-321-4771. E-mail address: vapol@mail.ru 2210-7843 c 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-revi w under responsibility of the ECF22 orga izers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.293