PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018) 19 1–19 7 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural I t grity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity The Mala Rijeka Bridge - Specificity of maintenance Vera Vujović a * * DIVK, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia Abstract The Mala Reijka Bridge was designed in a unique way by the most prominent experts of the Yugoslav Railways Union ZJŽ in the 1970 s . Built in 1973 by GP Mostogradnja with complex construction technologies in the steep Mala Rijeka Canyon with a built-in monitoring system, whose role is to provide continuous and stationary control of the behavior of the high pillars of the bridge over a longer period of time during the exploitatio of the bridge. During the development of the main des gn, Energoprojekt made seismic calculation in 1969 on a computer. Due to the dominant infl ence of the wind after the completion of the bridge, tests were carried out on the model in the aerodynamic tunnel in cooperation with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Belgrade and the Military Technical Institute, and for the purpose of safe railway traffic a strong steel protection fence was designed. Due to its enormous dimensions, difficult environment conditions and age, maintenance and monitoring requirements are very high. The bridge is included in the list of public procurement of investments of Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro JSC-Podgorica (RIoM) within the project of rehabilitation of 15 steel bridges on the Vrbnica-Bar line, and after the special inspection and assessment of the condition, the main rehabilitation design with anticorrosion protection was made. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: steel bridge; maintenance; monitoring; environmental conditions; anticorrosion protection 1. Introduction The bridge "Mala Rijeka" at km 385 + 489,30 on the railway Belgrade - Bar was built between 1969 and 1973, and due to very high pillars until 2001, it won the title of the tallest railway bridge in the world. The bridge bridging Mala Rijeka River in the canyon of the same name and is located 20 km from Podgorica railway station (towards Kolašin) and 8 km from the mouth of the Mala Rijeka in Morača. Several sectors and services of the Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro JSC-Podgorica RIoM (ŽICG) take care of maintaining one of the highest railway bridges in the world. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity The Mala Rijeka Bridge - Specificity of maintenance Vera Vujović a * * DIVK, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia Abstract The Mala Reijka Bridge was designed in a unique way by the most prominent experts of the Yugoslav Railways Union ZJŽ in the 1970 s . Built in 1973 by GP Mostogra nja with complex construction tech ologies in the steep Mala Rijeka C nyon with a built-in monitoring system, whose role is to provide continuous and stationary control of the behavior of the high pillars of the bridge over a longer period of time during the exploitation of the bridge. Durin the development of the main design, Energoprojekt made a seismic calculation in 1969 on computer. Due to the d minant influenc of th win after the completion of the bridge, tests w re carried out on the model in the erodynamic t nnel in c operation with the Faculty of Mechani al Engineering in Bel rade and th Military Technical Institute, and for the purpose of safe railway traffic a strong steel protection fence was designed. Due to its enormous dimensions, difficult environment conditions and age, maintenance and monitoring requir ments are v ry high. The bridge is included in the list of public procureme t of i vestments of Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro JSC-Podgorica (RIoM) within the project of rehabilitation of 15 ste l bridges on the Vrbnica-Bar line, and after the special inspection an assessment of the condition, the main rehabilitation design with antic rrosion protection was ma e. © 2018 The Aut ors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: steel b idge; maintenance; monitoring; environmental conditions; anticorrosion protection 1. Introduction The bridge "Mala Rijeka" at km 385 + 489,30 on the railway Belgrade - Bar was built between 1969 and 1973, and due to very high pillars until 2001, it won the title of the tallest railway bridge in the world. The bridge bridging Mala Rijeka River in the canyon of the same name and is located 20 km from Podgorica railway station (towards Kolašin) and 8 km from the mouth of the Mala Rijeka in Morača. Several sectors and services of the Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro JSC-Podgorica RIo (ŽICG) take care of maintaining one of the highest railway bridges in the world. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +381 654 726 776; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . E-mail address: veravujovic10@gmail.com * Corresponding author. Tel.: +381 654 726 776; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . E-mail ad ress: veravujovic10@gmail.com

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.272