PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018) 146 –1469 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Int grity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Modelling of hyperelastic polymers for automotive lamps under random vibration loading with proportional damping for robust fatigue analysis C P Okeke a,b *, A N Thite a , J F Durodola a , N A Fellows a and M T Greenrod b a Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford – OX33 1HX, UK b Wipac Ltd, London Road, Buckingham, MK18 1BH, UK Abstract The objective of this paper was to model random vibration response of components of an automotive lamp made of Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PC-ABS), Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nd Polypropylene 40% Talc f lled (PPT40) materials using a nonlinear hyperelastic model. Traditionally, the Rayleigh damping matrix used in the dynamic response analysis is constructed considering linear elastic behaviour based on either initial stiffness or secant stiffness. The performance of linear stiffness matrices is compared in this work with that based on the nonlinear hyperelastic, Mooney-Rivlin model, specifically addressing Rayleigh damping matrix construction. The random vibration responses of 10 samples of each material are measured. The mean square error of acceleration response was used to assess the effectiveness. Considering three materials of study, the hyperelastic model resulted in the reduction f the least square error at best by 11.8 times and at worst by 2.6 times. The Mooney-Rivlin materi l model based Raleigh damping matrix was mo e accurate in modelling the dynamic behaviour of compo ents f nonlinear materials an it also repr sented the manu acturing va iabilities more reliably. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Hyperelastic; Mooney_Rivlin, material models; nonlinear stress-strain; simulation; modelling; proportional damping; rayleigh; transient analysis; random vibration; manufacturing variations 1. Introduction Polymers are now materials of choice in the construction of automotive lamps due to their good mechanical and optical properties, light weight and design flexibility. However, modelling dynamic response of polymers for fatigue © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Modelling of hyperelastic polymers for automotive lamps under random vibration loading with proportional damping for robust fatigue analysis C P Okeke a,b *, A N Thite a , J F Durodola a , N A Fellows a and M T Greenrod b a Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford – OX33 1HX, UK b Wipac Ltd, London Road, Buckingham, MK18 1BH, UK Abstract The objective of this pap r was to model ra dom vibrat n resp nse of components of an automot ve lamp made f Polycarbonat /Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PC-ABS), Polyme hyl methacrylate (PMMA) and Polypropylen 40% Talc filled (PPT40) m t rials using a nonlinear hyperelastic model. Traditionall , th R yl igh damping matrix used in th dynamic response analysis is constructed considering linear lastic behaviour based either initi l stiffness or secant stiffne s. The p rforman e of linear stiffnes matrices is compare in this wo k wi h that based on the nonl near hyperelastic, Mooney-Rivlin model, s cifically addressing Rayleigh d mping matrix construction. The random vibration r sp ses of 10 samples of each material are m asur d. The mean square error of acceleration response was used to assess the effectivenes . Con idering three materials of study, th hyperelastic mod l resulted in the reduction of th least square rror t be t by 11.8 times and at worst by 2.6 tim s. The Mooney-Rivlin m terial model bas Raleigh amping matrix wa more accur te in modelling the dynamic behaviour of components f nonlinear materials and it lso represented the manufacturing variabilities more reliab y. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Hyperelastic; Mooney_Rivlin, material models; nonlinear stress-strain; simulation; modelling; proportional damping; rayleigh; transient anal sis; r ndom vibration; ma ufacturing variatio s 1. Introduction Polymers are now materials of choice in the construction of automotive lamps due to their good mechanical and optical properties, light we ght and design flexibility. However, modell ng dynamic response of p ly ers for fatigue © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-(0)1865-423011 E-mail address: c.okeke100@gmail.com; 14101309@brookes.ac.uk * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-(0)1865-423011 E-mail ad ress: c.okeke100@gmail.com; 14101309@brookes.ac.uk

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.302