PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018) 2077–2 82 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Modeling and Simulation for Aluminium Profile Extrusion Admir Šupić a , Almir Bečirović a , Aldin Obućina a , Milorad Zrilić b a University of Travnik, Faculty of Technical Studies, Aleja konzula No. 5, 72270 Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina b University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva No. 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Global aluminium consumption in the last decade followed by an overview of deformation theory and extrusion process basics are presented in the Introduction of this paper. The components of the extrusion press with additional equipment and integrated systems are presented in the next chapter of this work. The extrusion die design is described in detail, from the designing to the manufacturing process of the extrusion die. This is followed by an introduction to the theory of the finite element method and numerical analysis. The extru sion process simulation represents the final part of this work; in this work, the “L” profile, manufactured by the German company “HUECK GmbH”, with the profile number P447937 is used for the simulation. The extrusion is simulated in the COMSOL software. Following the end of the simulation process, referent measurements like billet temperature, extrusion velocity, isothermal exchange of extrusion and deformation are presented. The simulation results are used to help in predicting die da age, so it could be eliminated and corrections could be made at the right time. In this way, it is possible to save time and money. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: deformation, extrusion, simulation, COMSOL Extrusion is a process of shaping wher the material, m st frequently cold, is, under the influence of a force, brought to a state of plastic flow and pushed through a gap between the press and die or through an opening in the die. The plastic flow of cold metals is analogue to the flow of a viscous liquid and it is defined by the laws of hydromechanics. In 2015, China was the largest manufacturer of raw aluminium (not including recycled aluminium), producing 31 million tonnes, that is, 55% of the world aluminium production. Russian production amounted to 7% of the global production, Canada produced 5%, and the UAE 4%. Just like steel, aluminium production in China grew rapidly. In 2004, China produced 6.7 million tonnes of aluminium, which is an average annual growth rate of 16% over the decade to 2015. [5] © 2018 The Authors. P blished by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review und responsibility of the ECF22 organiz rs. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Modeling and Simulation for Aluminium Profile Extrusion Admir Šupić a , Almir Bečirović a , Aldin Obućina a , Milorad Zrilić b a University of Travnik, Faculty of Technical Studies, Aleja konzula No. 5, 72270 Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina b University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva No. 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Abstract Global aluminium consumption in the last decade followed by an overview of deformation theory and extrusion process basics are presented in the I troduction of this paper. The components of the extrusion press with additional equipment and integrated systems are presented in the next chapter of this work. The extrusion die design is described in detail, from the designing to the manufacturing proc ss of th trusion die. This is foll wed by an i tr duction to the theory of the f nite element method and numerical a alysis. The extru sion process simulation represents the final part of this work; in this work, the “L” profile, manufactured by the German company “HUECK GmbH”, with the profile number P447937 is used for the simulation. The extrusion is simulated in the COMSOL software. Following the end of the sim lation process, referent measurements like billet temperature, extrusion velocity, isothermal exchange of extrusion and deformation are resented. Th si ulation results are used to help in predicting die damage, so it could be eliminated and corrections could b mad at the right time. In this way, it is possible to save time and money. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: deformation, extrusion, simulation, COMSOL 1. Introduction Extrusion is a process of shaping where the material, most frequently cold, is, under the influence of a force, brought to a state of plastic flow and pushed through a gap between the press and die or through an opening in the die. The plastic flow of cold metals is analogue to the flow of a viscous liquid and it is defined by the laws of hydromechanics. In 2015, China was the largest manufacturer of raw aluminium (not including recycled aluminium), producing 31 million tonnes, that is, 55% of the world aluminium production. Russian production amounted to 7% of the global production, Canada produced 5%, and the UAE 4%. Just like steel, aluminium production in China grew rapidly. In 2004, China produced 6.7 million tonnes of aluminium, which is an average annual growth rate of 16% over the decade to 2015. [5] © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Abstract 1. Introduction

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.205