PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 971–975 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural I tegrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Justification of the hydraulic turbines lifetime from the standpoint of the fracture mechanics Evgeniia Georgievskaia a , * a JSC "NPO CKTI", Atamanskaia st. 3/6, 191195, Russia Abstract Reliable life assessment of hydraulic turbines is important part of the planning of reconstruction, modernization, repairs and replacement. Long-term positive experience of hydraulic units operation has proved their reliability and the possibility of very long working periods. However, accidents and equipment failures support the need for the development of new approaches to the lifetime assessment of the hydraulic turbines with account of modern technical capabilities and scientific achievements. At present, both in Russia and in other countries with developed hydropower, there are no established methods or normative methods for estimating of hydro turbine lifetime. The use of the calculation methods applied at the design stage of the equipment, it is not feasible due to high cost and complexity of adapting them to the conditions of the particular unit. The approach presented in the report is based on the application methods of fracture mechanics to the lifetime-determining nodes of hydraulic turbines and taking into account constructive, technological and operational features. An individual forecast of the development of dangerous defects is based on mathematical models describing the change in the technical condition of equipment in time at the conditions of actual operation. The size and position of the initial defects are determined by the sensitivity of non-destructive methods of control and accessibility of the control areas. The critical crack length corresponds to the instant when the influence of high-frequency loads having small amplitude becomes decisive, which leads to a rapid destruction of the structure. The proposed approach has a relatively low cost and small time for performing settlement work. At the same time, it allows building long-term forecasts of the hydraulic turbine lifetime and just in time planning repairs or replacement of equipment. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Justification of the hydraulic turbines lifetime from the standpoint of the fracture mechanics Evgeniia Georgievskaia a , * a JSC "NPO CKTI", Atamanskaia st. 3/6, 191195, Russia Abstract Reliable life assessment of hydraulic turbines is important part of the planning of reconstruction, modernization, repairs and replacement. Long-term positive experience of hydraulic units operation has proved their reliability and the possibility of very long working periods. However, accidents and equipment failures supp rt the need for the development of new approaches to the lifetime assessmen of the hydraulic turbines with acc unt of modern tech ical capabilities and sc entific chievements. At pr sent, both in Russia and in other countries with developed hy ropower, there are no est blished methods or normative m thods f r estimating of hydro turbine lifetime. The us of the calculation methods applied at the design stage f the equipment, it is not feasible due to hig cost and complexity of adapting t em to the conditions of the particular unit. The approach presented in the report is bas d on t e applicati n m thods of fracture mechanics t the lifetime-determining odes of hydr ulic turbin s a d taking into ccount constructive, technological and operational features. An individual forecast of the evelopment of dangerous defects is based mathematical models describing the change in the technical condition of equipment in time at the co diti n of a tual operati n. The size and position of the initial defects are determined by the sensitivity of no -destructiv methods of control and accessibility of the control areas. The critical crack length corresponds to th instant when the infl enc of high-freque cy loads having small amplitude becomes decisive, which leads to a rapid destruction of the structure. The proposed approach has a relatively low cost and small ti e for performing settlement work. At the same time, it allows building long-term forec sts of the hydraulic turbine lifetime nd just in time planning repairs or replacement of quipment. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers.

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: hydraulic turbines, fracture, failure, defect, crack, reliability, lifetime assessment, non-destructive method; Keywords: hydraulic turbines, fracture, failure, defect, crack, reliability, lifetime assessment, non-destructive method;

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 o ganizers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-921-971-64-43; fax: +7-812-271-12-04. E-mail address: e_georgievskaya@mail.ru * Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-921-971-64-43; fax: +7-812-271-12-04. E-mail ad ress: e_georgievskaya@mail.ru

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.181