PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 226–231 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Investigation of the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of T24 boiler tubing in the context of stress corrosion cracking of its welds Evy De Bruycker a *, Staf Huysmans b , Frédéric Vanderlinden a a ENGIE Laborelec, Rodestraat 125, B1630 Linkebeek, Belgium b SH MatWeld Consult, Sijsjeslaan 6, B2540 Hove, Belgium For the membrane and spiral walls of the new USC boilers, the advanced T24 material was developed. In 2010, however, extensive T24 tube weld cracking during the commissioning phase of several newly built boilers was observed. As the dominant root cause, Hydrogen Induced - Stress Corrosion Cracking was reported. An investigation into the interacti n of the T24 m terial with hydrogen was launched, in order to compare its hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility with that of the T12 steel commonly used for older boiler evaporators. Both base materials and simulated Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) microstructures were tested. Total and diffusible hydrogen in the materials after electrochemical charging were measured. Thermo Desorption Spectrometry was used to gain insights into the trapping behaviour and the apparent diffusion coefficient at room temperature was determined. Based on the hardness and the diffusible hydrogen pick-up capacity of the materials, it was concluded that T12 is less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than T24, as base material as well as in the HAZ condition and that the HAZ of T24 is more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than the base material, both in the as welded and in the Post Weld Heat Treated (PWHT) condition. However, based on the results of this investigation it could not be determined if the T24 HAZ is less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement after PWHT. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Hydrogen embr ttl ent; T24; Stress Corr sion Cracking 1. Introduction The development of new USC Power Plants based upon a 600°C technology required a new generation of steels. For the boiler consisting of membrane and spiral walls, advanced steels such as T23 and T24 were derived from the 10CrMo9-10 (T22) steel and first experiences on test panels were gathered in the mid up to the end of the 90thies © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Investigation of the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of T24 boiler tubing in the context of stress corrosion cracking of its welds Evy De Bruycker a *, Staf Huysmans b , Frédéric Vanderlinden a a ENGIE Laborelec, Rodestraat 125, B1630 Linkebeek, Belgium b SH MatWeld Consult, Sijsjeslaan 6, B2540 Hov , Belgium Abstract For the membrane and spiral walls of the new USC boilers, the advanced T24 material was developed. In 2010, however, extensive T24 tube weld cracking during the commissioning phas of s ve al ewly built boilers was observ . A the dominant root cause, Hydrog n Indu ed - Stress Corrosion Cracking was reported. An investigation into th interaction of the T24 material with hydrogen was launche , in order to compare its hydrogen embrittlem nt susceptib lity with hat of th T12 steel commonly used for older b iler evaporators. Both base materials and simulat d Heat Affect d Zone (HAZ) microstructures were tested. Total and diffusible hydr g n in the materials after lectrochemical charging w re measured. Thermo Desorption Spectrom try was used to gain insights int the trapping b haviour and the apparent diffusion coefficient t room temperature was determined. Based on the hardness and the diffusibl hydrogen pick-up c pacity of the materials, it was concluded that T12 is less suscep ible to hydrogen embrittlem nt than T24, as base material as well as in the HAZ condition nd that the HAZ of T24 is more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than e base m terial, both in the as welded and in the Post Wel Heat Treated (PWHT) condition. However, based on the r sults of this investigation it c uld not be determined if the T24 HAZ is less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement after PWHT. © 2018 The Author . Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review und r respons bility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Hydrogen mbrittl ment; T24; Stress Corr sion Cracking 1. Introduction The development of new USC Power Plants based upon a 600°C technology required a new generation of steels. For the boiler consisting of membrane and spiral walls, advanced steels such as T23 an T24 ere derived from the 10CrMo9-10 (T22) steel and first experiences on test p nels were gathered i the mid up to the end of the 90thies © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Abstract

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 o ganizers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +32 2 382 03 04; fax: +32 2 382 02 41. E-mail address: Evy.DeBruycker@engie.com * Corresponding author. Tel.: +32 2 382 03 04; fax: +32 2 382 02 41. E-mail ad ress: Evy.DeBruycker@engie.com

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.038