PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 849–854 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Intergranular/transgranular fracture in the liquid metal embrittlement of polycrystalline zinc Naoyuki Tsutsui, Hirokazu Koizumi* Department of Physics, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571 Japan Abstract Tensile tests were performed on polycrystalline Zn specimens in contact with liquid Ga, In, In – Bi eutectic alloy, or Sn – Bi eutectic alloy below 450 K. These low-melting-point metals and alloys embrittled Zn specimens when they were in the liquid state. Although singl -crystall ne Zn is know t be embrittled by liquid Ga, intergranular cracking occurred in polycrystalline Zn in the presence of liquid Ga, while transgranular cracking occurred in the presence of In and Sn. Just above the melting point of Ga, only Ga atoms were found to penetrate along the grain boundaries of polycrystalline Zn. Although all these embrittlers reduced the cleavage fracture stress, only Ga atoms in the grain boundaries significantly reduced the strength of the grain boundaries, resulting in intergranular cracking. For the specimens in contact with liquid Ga, the incidence of transgranular cleavage fractures increased at high temperatures due to the reduction in the number of Ga atoms in the grain boundaries by diffusion into the grains. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: liquid metal embrittlement, int rgranular fracture, transgranular fracture, penetration of atoms, grain boundarie , Zn; 1. Introduction In liquid metal embrittlement (LME), a solid metal or alloy becomes brittle when its surface is wetted with a specific liquid metal (Joseph et al. 1999). This phenomenon is observed in various solid and liquid metal couples (Shunk and Warke 1974). Most examples display intergranular fracture, such as in Al solid Ga liquid (Nicholas and Old 1979), Ni solid Li liquid (Nicholas and Fernbach 1991), Cu solid Bi liquid (Joseph et al. 1998) and Ag solid Ga liquid couples © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Intergranular/transgranular fracture in the liquid metal embrittlement of polycrystalline zinc Naoyuki Tsutsui, Hirokazu Koizumi* Department of Physics, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571 Japan Abstract Tensile tests were performed on polycrystalline Zn specimens in contact with liquid Ga, In, In – Bi eutectic alloy, or Sn – Bi eutectic alloy below 450 K. These low-melting-point metals and alloys embrittled Zn specimens when they were n th liquid state. Although singl -crystalline Z is known o be embrittled by liquid Ga, int rgranular cracking occurred in polycrys allin Zn in the prese ce of liquid Ga, while transgranular cracking occurred in the presence of In and Sn. Just above the melti g point of Ga, only Ga atoms were found to penetrate al ng the grain boundaries polycrystalline Zn. Al ough all these embrittlers reduced the cleavage fracture stress, ly Ga atoms in the grain b undaries significantly reduced the strength of the grain boundaries, resul ing in intergranul r cracki g. For the specimens in contact with liquid Ga, the i cidence of transgran lar cl avage fractures increased t high temperatures du to the reduction in the number of Ga atoms in the grain boundaries by diffusion into the grains. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under espons bility of th ECF22 organizers. Keywords: liquid metal embrittlement, intergranul r fracture, tran granular fracture, penetration of at s, grain bou aries, Zn; 1. Introduction In liquid metal embrittlement (LME), a solid metal or alloy becomes brittle when its surface is wetted with a specific liquid metal (Joseph et al. 1999 . This phenomenon is o served in various solid and liquid metal couples (Shunk and Warke 1974). Most examples display i tergranular fractur , such s in Al solid Ga liquid (Nicholas and Old 1979), Ni solid Li liquid (Nicholas and Fernbach 1991), Cu solid Bi liquid (Jos ph et l. 1998) and Ag solid Ga liquid couples © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 o ganizers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-44-934-7440 ; fax: +81-44-934-7911 . E-mail address: koizumi@meiji.ac.jp * Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-44-934-7440 ; fax: +81-44-934-7911 . E-mail ad ress: koizumi@meiji.ac.jp

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.162