PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedirect.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 625–63 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Int grity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental Effects on Structural Integrity Interfacial fracture of 3D-printed bioresorbable polymers Andrew Gleadall a *, Wingho Poon b , James Allum a , Alper Ekinci a , Xiaoxiao Han a , Vadim V. Silberschmidt a a Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China Abstract A micro specimen for tensile testing was designed with two primary ims: (i) to characterise interface fracture behaviour between fused 3D-printed polymer filaments; and (ii) to minimise mat rial use of high-cost medical-grade polymer since a high number of specimens are required for time-series studies (e.g. polymer degradation). Polylactide specimens were fabricated on an extrusion 3D printer as a single-filament-wide wall. The widths of filaments were set individually, with a custom machine-control code, to achieve a higher width in the grip sections of specimens and a narrower width in their gauge section. On average, the interface between filaments was 114 µm narrower than the widest point of the filaments. Each specimen was tested in the build direction to determine the interfacial strength between 3D-printed layers. Optical microscopy was employed to characterise geometry of specimens and fracture surfaces. Samples fractured in the gauge section and the fracture surface demonstrated brittle characteristics. The specimens utilised an order of magnitude less material than ASTM D638 samples, whilst maintaining repeatability for tensile strength similar to that in other studies. The average strength was 49.4 MPa, which is comparable to data in the literature. Further opti isation of the speci en design and 3D printing strategy could realise greater reductions in material use. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of he ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Additive manufacturing; 3D printing; I terface; Mechanical properties; Fracture; Micro-tensile; Medical polymers © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental Effects on Structural Integrity Interfacial fracture of 3D-printed bioresorbable polymers Andrew Gleadall a *, Wingho Poon b , James Allum a , Alper Ekinci a , Xiaoxiao Han a , Vadim V. Silberschmidt a a Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK b Department of Materials Scie ce and Engineeri g, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong Special Admini trative Re ion, China Abstract A micro specimen for ensil testing was d signed w h two p mary a ms: (i) to characteri e interface fracture behaviour between fused 3D- rinted polymer filaments; and (ii) to minimise material use of high-cost medical-grade polymer since a high number of specimens are required for time-series studies (e.g. polymer degradation). Polylactide specimens were fabricated on an extrusion 3D printer as a single-filament-wide wall. The widths of fila ents were set individually, with a custom machine-control code, to achieve a higher width in the grip sections of specimens and a narro er width in their gauge section. On average, the interface between filaments was 114 µm narrower than the widest poi t of the filaments. Each specimen was tested i the build direction to determine the interfacial strength between 3D-printed layers. Optical microscopy was employed to characterise geometry of specimens a d fracture surfaces. Samples fractured in the gauge section and the fracture surface demonstrated brittle characteristics. The specimens utilised an order of magnitude less material than ASTM D638 samples, whilst maintaining repeatability for tensile strength similar to that in other studies. The average strength was 49.4 Pa, which is comparable to data in the literature. Further optimisation of the specimen design nd 3D printing strategy could realise greater reducti ns in material use. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywo ds: Additive manufacturing; 3D printing; Interface; Mechanical properties; Fra t re; Micro-tensile; Medical polymers

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +44(0)-1509-227578. E-mail address: a.gleadall@lboro.ac.uk * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44(0)-1509-227578. E-mail ad ress: a.gleadall@lboro.ac.uk

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.103