PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 658–663 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Influence of substrate stiffness and of PVD parameters on the microstructure and tension fracture characteristics of TiN thin films Felipe C. da Silva a , Matheus A. Tunes b , Julio C.Sagás c , Cláudio G. Schön a a Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil b Electron Microscopy and Materials Analysis, UK National Ion Beam Centre, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH, UK c Laboratory of Plasmas, Films and Surfaces, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 89219-710, Joinville, Brazil Titanium nitride is widely used s wear resistant coating thin films in industrial parts. Mechanically they correspond to nanometric 2D ceramic systems which are bound to a much thicker metallic substrate. Under uniaxial tension these films respond by forming a periodic array of cracks. The separation between the cracks is primarily defined by the strength and stiffness of the film. Secondary factors, as the elastic properties of the substrate, or the microstructure and/or induction of residual stresses during processing may also have and effect. In the present work PVD TiN films were deposited by triode magnetron sputtering in Brass and Aluminum substrates. The deposition characteristics of the films were varied by changing the bias potential and the nitrogen supply during deposition (constant or variable). Tension fractures were observed in situ using a traveling microscope and under nanoindentation/scratching tests. Energy Filtered TEM was used to access the nitrogen levels across film thickness. The results were correlated with the film residual stress levels obtained in the different deposition conditions. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Titanium Nitride; PVD; Bias; N 2 flow rate; Fracture. 1. Introduction The aim of improving the surface properties of materials date back from the beginning of the industrial revolution, when it was observed that using materials with higher hardness lead to improved durability of the parts (mainly due to an increased wear resistance) [1]. Higher hardness, however, normally implies higher brittleness and soon it became evident that only the surface needed to be of high hardness, allowing to use of tougher bulk materials. This lead to the development of thin film technology, which also have positive impacts in other areas [2]. Thin films based on titanium nitride (TiN) became common in the coating of cutting tools since 1970, allowing the production of more durable parts © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-revi w under responsibility of the ECF22 or anizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Influence of substrate stiffness and of PVD parameters on the microstructure and tension fracture characteristics of TiN thin films Felipe C. da Silva a , Matheus A. Tunes b , Julio C.Sagás c , Cláudio G. Schön a a Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil b Electro Microscopy and Materi ls Analysis, UK National Ion Beam Centre, ty of Huddersfield, Queensgate HD1 3DH UK c Labo atory of Plasmas, Films nd Surfaces, Universidad do Estado de Santa Catarina, 89219-710, Joinvill , Brazil Abstract Titanium nitride is widely used as wear resistant coating thin films in industrial parts. Mechanically they correspond to nanometric 2D cera ic systems which are bound to a much thicker metall c substrate. Under uniaxial tension t se film respond by f rming a periodic array of cracks. Th separa i n between th cracks s primarily defined by the s rength and st ffness of the film. Secondary factors, as the elastic properties of the substrate, or the microstructure and/or induction of residual resses during processing m also have and ffect. In th pr ent work PVD TiN films were deposited by triode magnet on sputte ing in B ass and Aluminum substr tes. The deposition characteristics of the f lms were varied by changing th bi s po ential and the nitrogen supply during depo ition (constant or variable). Ten ion fractures were observ in situ us a traveling microscope a d und r nanoin entation/scratching tests. Energy Filt red TEM was used to access the nitrogen levels c oss f lm thi kness. The results were correl ed with the film re idual stress lev ls obtained in the different depositi n conditions. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under respons bility of th ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Titanium Nitride; PVD; Bias; N 2 flow rate; Fracture. 1. Introdu ion The aim of improving the surface properties of materials date back from the beginning of the industrial revolution, when it was observed that using materials with higher hardness lead to improv d durability of the part (mainly due to an i creased wea resist nce) [1]. Higher hardness, however, normally implies higher brittleness and soon it became evident that only the surface needed to be of high hardness, allowing to use of tougher bulk materials. This lead to the development of thin film technology, which also have positive impacts in other areas [2]. Thin films based on titanium nitride (TiN) became common in the coating of cutting t ols since 1970, allowing the production of mor urable parts © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Abstract

2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 o ganizers.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.109