PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 5 3–51 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural I t gri y Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Influence of glued-in reinforcement profiles on the thermal characteristics of wooden window profiles Barbara Šubic a *, Aleš Ugovšek a , Nejc Starman a , Uroš Tatić a , Aljaž Kovačič b , Gorazd F jdiga b a M SORA d.d., Trg svobode 2, 4226 Žiri, Slovenia b University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Cesta VIII/34, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Abstract Nowadays wooden windows represent high aesthetic value to mode n buildings. There is a strong trend of increasing their dimensions, especially their height, which causes problems considering their stability and load bearing capacity. Aluminium, stainless steel, carbon fiber reinforced polymer profiles and glass-fiber reinforced polymer profiles, with different geometry and orientation, were used to reinforce wooden window mullion. Since reinforcing materials have usually higher thermal conductivity as wood, their effect on the thermal performance of the window as a whole, was examined in this study. Thermal transmittance of several different reinforced profiles was analyzed to select an optimal solution. It was concluded that reinforcing material does not have significant effect on thermal transmittance of window frame, if reinforcement is not placed through the entire thickness of the window profile. If this is the case, only glass-fiber reinforced polymer, with a maximum of 22 % reinforcing material in window profile, fulfils the standard criteria for low energy buildings. The effect of type and geometry of reinforcing materials have minor effect on thermal transmittance of entire window, but have great impact on the minimal local inside surface temperatures, which can lead to condensation and ould growth. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organiz rs. Keywo ds: thermal transmittance; wooden win ow; hybrid beam ; numerical a alysis; aluminium; steel; fibr reinf rced polymer © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Influence of glued-in reinforcement profiles on the thermal cha acteristi s of wooden window profiles Barbara Šubic a *, Aleš Ugovšek a , Nejc Starman a , Uroš Tatić a , Aljaž Kovačič b , Gorazd Fajdiga b a M SORA d.d., Trg svobode 2, 4226 Žiri, Slovenia b University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of W od Science and Technology, Cesta VIII/34, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Abstract Nowadays wooden wi d ws represent hi h a sthetic value to modern buildings. There is a strong trend of in reas ng their dimensions, especiall their h ight, which causes problems considering their stability and load bearing capacity. Aluminium, stainless steel, carbon fiber reinforced polymer profiles and glass-fiber reinforced polymer profiles, with different geometry a d orientation, were used to reinforce wooden window mullion. Since reinforcing materials have usually higher thermal conductivity as wood, their effect on the thermal perf rmance of the window as a whole, was examined in this study. T ermal tr nsmittance of several different reinforced profiles was analyz d to s lect an optimal s lution. It was concluded that reinforcing material does not have significant effect on thermal transmittance of window frame, if reinforcement is not placed through the entire thickness f the window profile. If this is the case, o ly glass-fiber reinforced poly er, with a maximum of 22 % reinforcing material in window profile, fulfils the sta dard criteria for low energy buildings. The effect of type and geometry of reinforcing mat rials have minor effect on th rmal tran mittance of entir window, but have great impact on the minimal ocal inside surface temper tures, which can lead to con ensation and mould growth. © 2018 The Author . Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: thermal transmittance; wooden window; hybrid beams; numerical analysis; aluminium; steel; fibre reinforced polym r

1. Introduction

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 1. Introduction

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Windows are an important part of the building and their percentage of building envelope has risen over the last years (Ochoa et al. 2012). Crucial property design factor of window is energy efficiency (thermal transmittance). Windows are an important part of the building and their percentage of building envelope has risen over the last years (Ochoa et al. 2012). Crucial property design factor of window is energy efficiency (thermal transmittance).

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +386 31 541 681; E-mail address: barbara.subic@m-sora.si * Corresponding author. Tel.: +386 31 541 681; E-mail ad ress: barbara.subic@m-sora.si

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.083