PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 322–327 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Int grity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Influence of Fracture Mechanically Graded Materials on the Crack Propagation Behaviour in 3-dimensional Structures Katharina Dibblee a *, Hans Albert Richard a , Gunter Kullmer a a Institute of Applied Mechanics, University of Paderborn, Germany Due to the constant improvement of technological materials we face new challenges in aspect of crack growth behaviour. It shows different behaviour, depending on whether you use functionally graded materials and structures or if you deal with homogeneous isotropic materials. The crack growth therefore is not only influenced by the actual local stress but also by the local material properties. By accepting this new challenge it is necessary to develop a new fracture criterion which takes both into account. This paper introduces a new 3-dimensional fracture mechanical concept which takes the material parameters into account to calculate crack growth behaviour. The basic principle of this concept is set by the σ 1 ‘ -criterion which requires the function of the maximum principle stress along the crack front. By comparing this function with the local materialfunction it is possible to calculate the expected crack kinking according to the TSSR concept. Implementing this new concept into the crack growth program ADAPCRACK3D VERSION_KD15 made it possible to simulate the crack growth behaviour in 3-dimensional homogeneous isotropic materials as well as in functional graded structures. The influence of fracture mechanically graded material with respect to the crack growth direction, the local crack growth rate and the lifetime of the structures of graded materials can now be realistically calculated. The following paper presents simulation results of structures of fracture mechanically graded materials such as an induction hardened cog wheel. Compact tension specimen and compact tension mixed-mode specimen with various angles of material gradation and combinations of different material properties are examined to emphasise the influence of material gradation on the crack growth. The results of the numerical investigations focused on the crack growth direction as well as the influence on lifetime will be discussed in detail. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Influence of Fracture Mechanically Graded Materials on the Crack Propagation Behaviour in 3-dimensional Structures Katharina Dibblee a *, Hans Albert Richard a , Gunter Kullmer a a Institute of Applied Mechanics, University of Paderborn, Germany Abstract Due to the constant improvement of technological materials we face new challenges in aspect of crack growth behaviour. It shows different behaviour, de ending on whet er you use functionally graded materials and structures or if you deal with homogeneous isotropic materials. The crack gro th therefore is not only influenced by the actual local stress but also by the local material properties. By accepting this new challenge it s necessary to develop a new fracture crit rion which takes both into account. This aper introduces a new 3-dimension l fracture mechanical concept which takes the mat rial parameters int account to calculate crack growth beh viour. The basic principle of this co cept is set by the σ 1 ‘ -criterion which requires the function f the maximum principle stress along the crack front. By comparing this function with the local materialfunction it is possible to calculate the expected crack ki king according to the TSSR concept. Implementing this new concept into the crack gr wth program ADAPCRACK3D VERSION_KD15 made it possible to simulate the crack growth behaviour i 3-dimensional homogeneous isotropic materials as well as in functional graded structures. The influence of fracture mechanically graded material with respect to the cr ck growth direction, the local crack growth rate and the lifetime of the structures of graded materials can now be realistically al ulated. The following paper presents simul tion results of structures of fracture mechanically graded materials such as an induction hardened cog wheel. Compact tension specimen and compact tension mixed-mode specimen with various angles of material gradation and combinations of different mat rial properties are examined to emphasise the influ ce of m terial gradation on the crack growth. The results of the numerical investigations focused on the crack growth direction as well as th influence lifetime will be discussed in detail. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Els vier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: crack growth simulation, fracture mechanical graded materials, 3-dimensional concept © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: crack growth simulation, fracture mechanical graded materials, 3-dimensional concept Abstract

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 5251 605424; fax: +49 5251 605322. E-mail address: dibblee@fam.upb.de * Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 5251 605424; fax: +49 5251 605322. E-mail ad ress: dibblee@fam.upb.de

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.054