PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 398–4 3 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural I tegrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Fracture toughness for engineering application: There is a need for more suitable testing standards Hans-Jakob Schindler* Mat-Tec AG, Unterer Graben 27, 8400 winterthur, Switzerland b Second affiliation, Address, City and Postcode, Country Abstract Fracture toughness testing standards such as ASTM E1820 or ASTM E 1921 ISO 12350 are seldom used in practice. Estimates of K Ic or J Ic by empirical correlations with classical Charpy impact tests are much more popular and often preferred. The reasons for this unsatisfying situation is that the standard procedures of fracture toughness testing are much more demanding than the Charpy test, in terms of costs, test material, test equipment and expertise of the laboratory personal, whereas the much simpler CV-test still delivers useful estimates. However, between standard fracture toughness testing and classical Charpy impact testing there is a wide space for possible new tests that are similarly simple as Charpy tests and similarly informative as a fracture toughness tests. In the present paper, some suggestions for such more practical fracture toughness tests are made. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Fracture toughness testing , test standards, Charpy test, 1. Personal Foreword In the last hal ce ury, fractur mechanics (FM) has become an indispensable tool in structural engineering. Several testing standards exist to determine the corresponding material properties, the so-called fracture toughness (FT) in terms of K Ic , J Ic or similar parameters, including ASTM E399, E1820, E1921, ISO 12135, to name a few of the best known. The author works in the field of fracture mechanics for more than 35 years now, in different positions, in research, engineering application and teaching, occasionally also in standardization committees. For the last 20 years I did consulting - which means practical application of FM including failure analyses, defect ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Fracture toughness for engineering application: There is a need for more suitable testing standards Hans-Jakob Schindler* Mat-Tec AG, Unterer Graben 27, 8400 winterthur, Switzerland b Second affiliation, Address, City and Postcode, Count y Abstract Fracture toughness testing standards such as ASTM E1820 or ASTM E 1921 ISO 12350 are seldom used in practice. Estimates of K Ic or J Ic by empirical correlations with classical Charpy impact tests are much more popular and oft n preferred. The re sons for this unsatisfying situation is that the standard procedures of fracture toughness testing are much more demanding than the Charpy test, in terms of c sts, test mat rial, t st equipment and expertise of t e laboratory personal, whereas the much simpl r V-test still deliver useful estimates. However, between sta ard fracture toughness testing and classical Charpy impact testing there is a wide space for possible new tests that are similarly simple as Charpy tests and simil rly informative as a fracture toughness tests. In the present paper, some suggestions for such more practical fracture toughness tests are made. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Fracture toughness testing , test standards, Charpy test, 1. Personal Foreword In the last half century, fracture mechanics (FM) has become an indispens ble tool in structural engine ring. Several testing standards exist to determine the corresponding aterial properties, the so-called fracture toughness (FT) in terms of K Ic , J Ic or similar para eters, including ASTM E399, E1820, E1921, ISO 12135, to name a few of the best known. The author works in the field of fracture mechanics for more than 35 years now, in different positions, in research, engineering application and teaching, occasionally also in standardization committees. For the last 20 years I did consulting - which means practical application of FM including failure analyses, defect © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +41 52 404 54 44. E-mail address: schindler@mat-tec.ch * Corresponding author. Tel.: +41 52 404 54 44. E-mail ad ress: sc indler@mat-tec.ch

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.066