PSI - Issue 13

Simon Bard et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018) 1442–1446 Simon Bard / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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4. Conclusion and Outlook The underlying research showed a straight crack growth in the unmodified laminate. When graphite is used as a filler for the matrix, the crack is strongly undulating and the crack deflection can be well seen in the in-situ SEM mechanical tests. In the interleaved laminate, crack pinning and crack transition could be proven in SEM. 5. Outlook It is suggested to use Digital Image Correlation (DIC) software to evaluate the deformation of the sample. As showed by Canal in compression tests, the surface can be sputtered with a coating to increase the contrast. Then a DIC surface was used to evaluate the deformations. [3] Also the application of the tests to mechanical tests in Mode II might give interesting insights in the crack mechanism under shear-loading. Acknowledgements Authors kindly thank to the German Ministry of Economy and Energy (BMWi) for the funding of the Lufo Project TELOS (FKZ 20Y1516D). [1] Kaya AC, Fleck C. Deformation behavior of open-cell stainless steel foams. Materials Science and Engineering: A 2014;615:447–56. [2] Yang B, Motz C, Grosinger W, Kammrath W. Tensile behaviour of micro-sized copperwires studied using a novel fibre tensile module. International Journal of Material Research 2008;99:7–14. [3] Canal LP, González C, Molina-Aldareguía JM, Segurado J, LLorca J. Application of digital image correlation at the microscale in fiber reinforced composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2012;43(10):1630–8. [4] Guo M, Yi X, Liu G, Liu L. Simultaneously increasing the electrical conductivity and fracture toughness of carbon–fiber composites by using silver nanowires-loaded interleaves. Composites Science and Technology 2014;97:27–33. [5] Feridun Ozdil and Leif A. Carlsson. Mode I Interlaminar Fracture of Interleaved Graphite/Epoxy. [6] Du X, Zhou H, Sun W, Liu H-Y, Zhou G, Zhou H et al. Graphene/epoxy interleaves for delamination toughening and monitoring of crack damage in carbon fibre/epoxy composite laminates. Composites Science and Technology 2017;140:123–33. [7] Beckermann GW, Pickering KL. Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of composite laminates interleaved with electrospun nanofibre veils. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2015;72:11–21. [8] Aksoy A, Carlsson LA. Interlaminar shear fracture of interleaved graphite/epoxy composites. Composites Science and Technology 1992;43(1):55–69. [9] Nakamura Y, Yamaguchi M, Okubo M, Matsumoto T. Effect of particle size on the fracture toughness of epoxy resin filled with spherical silica. Polymer 1992;33(16):3415–26. [10] Hodgkin JH, Simon GP, Varley RJ. Thermoplastic toughening of epoxy resins: a critical review. Polym. Adv. Technol. 1998;9(1):3–10. [11] Sela N, Ishai O. Interlaminar fracture toughness and toughening of laminated composite materials: a review. Composites 1989;20(5):423– 35. [12] Kim JW, Lee JS. Influence of Interleaved Films on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Fabric/Polypropylene Thermoplastic Composites. Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 2016;9(5). [13] Hamer S, Leibovich H, Green A, Avrahami R, Zussman E, Siegmann A et al. Mode I and Mode II fracture energy of MWCNT reinforced nanofibrilmats interleaved carbon/epoxy laminates. Composites Science and Technology 2014;90:48–56. [14] Chen SF, Jang BZ. Fracture behaviour of interleaved fiber-resin composites. Composites Science and Technology 1991;41(1):77–97. References