PSI - Issue 12

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 12 (2018) 249–264 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis Simulation of crash events for an electric four wheel vehicle Lorenzo Berzi a *, Niccolò Baldanzini a , Daniele Barbani a , Massimo Delogu a , Ramses Sa a ab , Marco P erini a a Department of Industrial Engineering, University Of Florence, Via di S.Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy b Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Strasse 67663 Kaiserslautern The diffusion of small size electric vehicles mainly designed for the urban context can significantly reduce the impact of personal mobility not only du to reduced energy consumption but also optimizing th use of parking and driving space in compari on with conventional vehicles. The solutions proposed on the market and at research level include innovations both in terms of layout (e.g. three and four wheel tilting vehicles) and in terms of powertrain, such as electric ones. The design, the sizing, the integration of battery system in vehicles are critical; this component directly determines overall performances, its mass and cost are relevant in comparison with the whole vehicle, it is subjected to ageing during use and, potentially, it can cause overheating or other failures in case of adverse events. This work is related to the analysis of a four-wheel electric vehicle mainly conceived for urban use; its size is compact and its dynamic performances are comparable to powered two wheelers due to tilting characteristics. The behaviour in case of crash is examined in order to estimate the solicitations on the battery and to verify any eventual implication on vehicle safety, at least for certain crash configuration. The activity included the definition of testing methods for electrochemical devices, a phase necessary to define the order of magnitude of acceleration events to which the single cells and/or the battery system have to be tolerant. Therefore, a full finite-element vehicle model has been defined starting from prototype vehicle design CAD, using realistic inertia and stiffness data also for battery compartment. The model has been used o simulate ra events against arrier and against other vehicles, repea ing the analysis f r range of impact points and direction. Th obtain d estimation of de ormation and acceleration values on battery system are pres nted. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open acc ss article under the CC BY-NC-ND licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis. AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis Simulation of crash events for an electric four wheel vehicle Lorenzo Berzi a *, Niccolò Baldanzini a , Daniele Barbani a , Massimo Delogu a , Ramses Sala ab , Marco Pierini a a Department of Industrial Engineering, University Of Florence, Via di S.Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy b Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Strasse 67663 Kaiserslaut rn Abstract The diffusion of small size electric vehicles mainly designed for the urban context can significantly reduce the impact of personal mobility not only du reduced energy consumption but als optimizing th use of parking and dr ving space in comparis n with conventional vehicles. The solutions propose on the market nd at research level include innovations both in terms of layout (e.g. three and four wheel tiltin vehicles) and in terms of powertrain, such as electric ones. The design, the sizing, the integration of battery system in vehicles are critical; this component directly determines overall performances, its mass and cost are relevant in comparison ith the whole vehicle, it is subjected to ageing during use and, potentially, it can cause overheating or other failures in case of adverse events. This work is related to the analysis of a four-wheel electric vehicle mainly conceived for urban use; its size is compact and its dynamic performances are comparable to powered two wheelers due to tilti characteristics. The behaviour in case of crash is examined in order to estimate the solicitations on the battery and to verify any eventual implication on vehicle safety, at least for certain crash configuration. The activity included the definition of testi methods for electrochemi al devices, a phase necessary to define the order of magnitude f acc leration vents t which the single ells and/or the battery system have to be tolerant. Therefore, a full finit -element vehicle model has been defined st rti from prototype v hicle design CAD, using realisti i ertia and stiffness data also for ba tery compartm nt. The model has been used to simula e crash events against barrier and agai st other vehicles, repeating the analysis for a range of impact points a d directio . The obt ined estimation of deformation and acceleration values on battery system are pr sented. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis. K ywords: Electric Vehicles; Light vehicles; Battery; Crashworthiness; Simulation; Accide t. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Abstract

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Keywords: Electric Vehicles; Light vehicles; Battery; Crashworthiness; Simulation; Accident.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 055 2758698 E-mail address: lorenzo.berzi@unifi.it * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 055 2758698 E-mail address: lorenzo.berzi@unifi.it

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.11.090 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-revi w u er responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt