PSI - Issue 12

Francesco Del Pero et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 12 (2018) 521–537 F. Del Pero et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

535 15

the main barrier for achieving the full maturity of this technology in the environmental perspective. Future clean electricity grid mixes and the development of more sustainable production processes could strongly contribute to the convenience of BEVs by minimising GHG emissions as well as countering potential setbacks in terms of other environmental impacts. Acknowledgments The presented work was funded by the European Commission within the project ALLIANCE (Grant agreement No: 723893): http://lightweight-alliance.eu/. SI appendix ƒ„Ž‡ ͳǤ ”‡•—Ž–• ˆ‘” „‘–Š ƒ† ICEV BEV

Production

Use

EoL

Total LC

Production

Use

EoL

Total LC

Acidification midpoint [Mole of H+ eq.]

4.22E+01 4.93E+01

-7.07E-01

9.08E+01 1.04E+02 3.25E+01

-6.50E-01

1.36E+02

Climate change midpoint, excl biogenic carbon [kg CO 2 eq.] Climate change midpoint, incl biogenic carbon [kg CO 2 eq.] Ecotoxicity freshwater midpoint [CTUe] Eutrophication freshwater midpoint [kg P eq.] Eutrophication marine midpoint [kg N eq.] Eutrophication terrestrial midpoint [Mole of N eq.] Human toxicity midpoint, cancer effects [CTUh] Human toxicity midpoint, non cancer effects [CTUh] Ionizing radiation midpoint, human health [kBq U235 eq.] Ozone depletion midpoint [kg CFC-11 eq.] Part. matter / Resp. inorganics midpoint [kg PM2.5 eq.] Phot. ozone formation midpoint, human health [kg NMVOC eq.] Resource depletion water, midpoint [m³ eq.] Land use midpoint [kg C deficit eq.]

4.97E+03 2.54E+04

-9.51E+01

3.02E+04 8.96E+03 1.04E+04

-8.72E+01

1.93E+04

4.97E+03 2.56E+04

-9.52E+01

3.05E+04 8.97E+03 1.04E+04

-8.71E+01

1.93E+04

2.18E+05 3.43E+03

-1.31E+01

2.22E+05 6.39E+05 3.15E+02

-1.31E+01

6.39E+05

2.77E+00

9.07E-02

1.51E-02

2.87E+00 1.58E+01 2.89E-02

1.16E-02

1.59E+01

4.34E+00 1.17E+01

-1.44E-01

1.59E+01 1.22E+01 6.54E+00

-1.38E-01

1.86E+01

4.37E+01 1.81E+02

-1.56E+00

2.23E+02 1.13E+02 6.61E+01

-1.48E+00

1.77E+02

4.17E-04

1.53E-04

-1.48E-07

5.69E-04

1.80E-03

8.61E-06

-1.65E-07

1.81E-03

4.81E-03

7.17E-04

-9.80E-06

5.52E-03

2.69E-02

4.76E-06

-1.03E-05

2.69E-02

3.49E+02 9.52E+01

-8.25E+00

4.36E+02 8.62E+02 5.10E+03

-6.66E+00

5.96E+03

2.73E+03 9.26E+03

-4.88E+01

1.19E+04 9.72E+03 5.42E+03

-4.88E+01

1.51E+04

1.50E-04

8.93E-10

5.26E-08

1.50E-04

4.82E-04

4.63E-08

5.18E-08

4.82E-04

3.01E+00 1.86E+00

-3.71E-02

4.83E+00 9.44E+00 1.58E+00

-3.41E-02

1.10E+01

1.49E+01 2.80E+01

-4.09E-01

4.25E+01 3.62E+01 1.72E+01

-3.89E-01

5.30E+01

4.43E+01 4.07E+01

-6.85E+00

7.81E+01 1.03E+02 6.98E+02

-6.64E+00

7.94E+02