PSI - Issue 12

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 12 (2018) 239–248 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis A possible use of SMArt thermography for the control of GFRP composite laminate De Giorgi M. a , Nobile R. a * a Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy The development of techniques able to check the struct ral health of a wind blade is very important. An innovative and promising technique applicable at this aim is the SMArt thermography. It exploits the electro-thermal properties of SMArt composites, in order to detect the structural flaws using an embedded source. Such a system enables a built-in, fast, cost-effective and in-depth assessment of the structural damage as it overcomes the limitations of standard thermography. With the aim for developing a reliable diagnostic method based on SMArt thermography, a preliminary numerical model was implemented in order to simulate the heating and the subsequent cooling of a GFRP composite laminate with embedded SMA wires. The heat source was represented by the Joule effect originated in the SMA wires and supplied as power density. The analysis of the resulting thermal maps at different values of power density provided the optimal levels of current amplitude and period to be applied in the subsequent experimental applications. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis. Keywords: Shap Memory Alloy; SMArt th rmography; FEM analysis. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis. AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis A possible use of SMArt thermography for the control of GFRP composite laminate De Giorgi M. a , Nobile R. a * a Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy Abstract The development of techniques able to check the structural health of a wind blade is very important. An innovative and promising technique applicabl at this aim is the SMArt thermography. It exploits the el ctro-thermal properties of SMArt composites, in order to detect the structural flaws using an embedded source. Such a system enables a built-in, fast, cost-effective and in-depth assessment of the structural dam ge as it overcomes the limitations of standard thermography. With the aim for developing a reliable di gnostic method based on SMArt thermography, a preliminary numerical model was implemented in order t simulat the heating and the subsequ nt cooling of a GFRP composite la inate with embedded SMA wires. The heat source was represented by the Joule effect originated in the SMA wires and supplied as power density. The analysis of the resulting thermal maps at different valu s of power density provided the optimal levels of current amplitude and period to be applied in the subsequent experimental applications. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creative ommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-revi w u der responsibility of t Scientific ommittee of AIAS 2018 Internati nal Conference on Stre s Analysis. Keywo ds: Shape Memory Alloy; SMArt thermography; FEM analysi . Abstract

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 1. Int oductio 1. Introduction

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. The reduction of the cost of energy produced by large dimension wind blades can be achieved improving their lifetime and enabling them to optimize power production without suffering mechanical failure. The reduction of the cost of energy produced by large dimension wind blades can be achieved improving their lifetime and enabling them to optimize power production without suffering mechanical failure.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-832-297772; fax: +39-832-297768. E-mail address: riccardo.nobile@unisalento.it * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-832-297772; fax: +39-832-297768. E-mail address: riccardo.nobile@unisalento.it

2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-revi w u er responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review u der re ponsibility of Scientific ommitt e of AIAS 2018 Internati al Conference on Stress Analysis.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2018 International Conference on Stress Analysis. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.11.091