PSI - Issue 11

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com Sci ceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 11 (2018) 13 –137 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Peer-review under responsibility of the CINPAR 2018 organizers XIV International Conference on Building Pathology and Constructions Repair – CINPAR 2018 Recovery of Cracks in Concrete Railroad Sleepers: Procedure and Case Study Iara Silva* a , Luciano de Oliveira b , Conceição Correia a , Kelvyane Rafful b a Department of Civil Construction, Federal Institute of Maranhao, Getulio Vargas Avenue, 4, Sao Luis 65030-005, Brazil b Carajas Railway, VALE S.A, Portugueses Avenue, Sao Luis 65085-581, Brazil Abstract The number of prestressed concrete railway sleepers discarded due to the presence of defects related to the manufacturing process, combined with the need for construction and maintenance cost reduction of the heavy haul railway in the North and Northeast of Brazil, led to the questioning of the possible recovery of these sleepers for application in branch, low traffic and low speed lines. Thus, the present article aims to present a method for cracked sleepers repair through paint crystallization technology, to describe the criteria used to justify the repair validation or the sleepers discard, the procedure and their classification. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Peer-review under responsibility of the CINPAR 2018 orga izers Keywords: Cracks; Concrete sleeper; Prestressed concrete; Recovery; Branch lin s. 1. Introduction The beginning of the concrete use for the manufacture of railway sleepers occurred from 1884 with the elaboration of the first project of concr te sleeper belonging to the French Mounier (Bastos (1999)). However, the first xperiments were generally unsuc essful, since the pieces made of reinforced concrete followed the shape of the wooden sleepers, a concrete block with a constant section. Shocks and vibrations caused by the traffic of railway vehicles used to cause macro or micro cracks in the upper central part of the sleeper and usually evolved until the XIV International Conference on Building Pathology and Constructions Repair – CINPAR 2018 Recovery of Cracks in Concrete Railroad Sleepers: Procedure and Case Study Iara Silva* a , Luciano de Oliveira b , Conceição Correia a , Kelvyane Rafful b a Department of Civil Construction, Federal Institute of Maranhao, Getulio Vargas Avenue, 4, Sao Luis 65030-005, Brazil b Carajas Railway, VALE S.A, Portugueses Avenue, Sao Lui 65085-581, Brazil Abstract The number of prestressed concrete railway sleepers discarded due to the presence of defects related to the manufacturing process, combined with the need for construction and maintenance cost reduction of the h avy haul railway in the North a d N rtheast f Brazil, led to the questioning of the possible recovery of these sleepers f r applic tion in branch, low traffic and low speed lines. Thus, the present article aims to present a m thod for cracked sleepers repair through paint crystallization technology, to describe the criteria used to justify the repair validation or the sle pers discard, the rocedure nd their classific tion. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Peer-review under res onsibility of the CINPAR 2018 organizers Keywords: Cracks; Concrete sleeper; Prestressed concrete; Recovery; Branch lines. 1. Introduction The beginning of t concrete use for the manufacture of railway sleepers occurred from 1884 with the elaboration of the first project of concrete sleeper belonging to the French Mounier (Bastos (1999)). However, the first experiments were generally unsucc ssful, since the pieces made of reinforced concrete followed the shape of the wooden sleepers, a concrete block with a constant section. Shocks and vibrations caused by the traffic of railway vehicles used to cause macro or micro cracks in the upper central part of the sleeper and usually evolved until the © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +55-98-98335-0396. E-mail address: iara.melo@acad.ifma.edu.br * Corresponding author. Tel.: +55-98-98335-0396. E-mail ad ress: iara.melo@acad.ifma.edu.br

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Peer-revi w u er responsibility of the CINPAR 2018 organizers. 2452-3216 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Peer-review under responsibility of the CINP R 2018 organizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216 Copyright  2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Peer-review under responsibility of the CINPAR 2018 organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.11.018