PSI - Issue 10

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 1 (2018) 2 3–21 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under respon ibility of the scientific committee of the 1st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials. 1 st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials Solar energy contribution to an electric vehicle needs on the basis of long-term measurements Em. Kostopoulos*, G. Spyropoulos, K. Christopoulos, J.K. Kaldellis Soft Energy Applications & Environmental Protection Lab, Mechanical Engineering D partment, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece Abstract The European Commission has set the rules towards a cleaner and more sustainable environment. Considering that the trans portation sector is a great GHG emitter, not only have pollution limits been set, but also the directives for the necessary infra structure have been introduced. Namely, renewable energy sources (RES)-based electromobility is strongly promoted by EU countries so as to encounter the polluting internal combustion engines on the one hand, and the fueling of electric vehicles (EVs) with electricity generated from fossil fuels on the other. In this context, the current study provides useful insight with regards to RES-based electromobility, using real measurements from the operation of the innovative, solar-based EV charging station of the Soft Energy Applications and Environmental Protection Laboratory of the University of West Attica. The particular installment can operate both auton mously and connec ed to the l cal grid and is used both for research and th actual charging of EVs, w th similar installations beli ved to pave the way -tog ther with other ovel el ments- for the creation of smar grid and futur smart cities. The results of the specific study derive from the adoption of specific distance scenarios (km r an um) concerning average drivers and normal driving patterns. The available vehicle is discharged under real-world driving conditions and afterwards charged under the same charging speed in order to assess the contribution of solar energy (photovoltaics (PVs)). To this end, it is proved that a solar carport of 3kW p total capacity can support an EV covering more than 20000km within one year. The importance of the results lies in the fact that the energy consumption of a Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) is estimated under real-world driving conditions, together with the respective PV or grid contribution necessary for charging the vehicle, while, in addition to that, sizing directions for a solar charging station used for the supply of a BEV’s annual energy needs are provided. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1 st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials i nd s © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Keywords: Battery electric vehicle; renewable energy; solar charging station; smart cities; autonomy

 Corresponding author. Tel.: +30 210 5381237; fax: +30 210 5381493. E-mail address: emanouilkostopoulos@gmail.com Received: May 28, 2018; Received in revised form: August 02, 2018; Accepted: August 10, 2018

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.09.029 2452- 3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1 st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt