PSI - Issue 10

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 1 (2018) 219–226 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 il l li i i t t l t it i

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials. 1 st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials Modeling of the microstructure of ancient functional ceramics and assessment of their performance A. Hein*, V. Kilikoglou Institute of Nanoscience and Nan otechnology, N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece Abstract Over millennia, ceramics were deployed as quasi universal materials serving diverse functions, such as cooking, storage, transport, construction or pyrotechnical processing. The reasons were that raw materials were ubiquitously available, objects of practically any shape could be moulded from the unfired clay paste and after firing the material presented adequate resistance against mechanical and thermal loads. Nevertheless, different functions required different material properties and the ceramic production process was accordingly adapted, as it has been observed in many studies of functional ceramics for diverse use, such as storage, transport, food processing, pyrotechnology or construction. Apart from the composition of the ceramics, the material properties depended on the ceramics’ microstructure, in terms of pore structure, non -plastic inclusions and vitrification. The perfo mance characteristics f cerami mat rials can be t sted with sp imens cut from the ancient ceramics or by using laboratory specimens replicating the basic char cteristics of archaeological ceramics. In the present pap r an alternative approach will be introduced, generating 3-dimensional computer m odels of the ceramics’ microstructure. These are evaluated for their performance under simulated mechanical or thermal loads using the finite element method (FEM). The approach allows for assessing specific parameters of the microstructure in a systematic way. The simulation results are verified with material testing of, among others, specimens of pyrotechnical ceramics. Scope of the study is to identify the most decisive parameters of the microstructure in terms of their effect on the materials performance and to assess technological choices of ancient craftspeople. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1 st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials t tit t f i t l , . . . . it , i i, t , , , , , , . , . , , , , , , . , , , . c e ec . , . . . simulation results are verified with material testing , , . microstructure in terms of their effect on . 18 T t . ublished by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open ti l t li tt :// r ti . /li / / . / . i responsibilit t i ti i itt t st t ti l t i t i t l i t i l © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: Archaeological ceramics; function; peformance; microstructure; finite element method t t ; i it l t t l i l i ; ti ; ; i

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +30 210 650 3316; fax: +30 210 650 3323. E-mail address: a.hein@inn.demokritos.gr Received: May 09, 2018; Received in revised form: July 25, 2018; Accepted: July 31, 2018 i t . l.: ; : . il . i i . it .

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2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.09.031 2452- 3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1 st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials . . i i ti l t li tt :// ti . /li / / . / . i i ilit t i ti i itt t st t ti l t i t i t l i t i l * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt