PSI - Issue 10

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com Sci ceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 1 (2018) 288–294 ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 i ir t Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials. 1 st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials Experimental and analytical approach of fatigue behavior of stepped CK45 shaft with adjacent key groove D.G. Ntritsos, A.D. Tsolakis, K.I. Giannakopoulos* University of West Attica (former Piraeus University of Applied Sciences, 250 Thivon Avenue, Egaleo, 12244, Greece Abstract Stress concentration areas such as keyways and shaft steps appear frequently used in mechanical engineering design. Areas like these are characterized by difficulties in accurately predicting part operating lifetime, often driving into premature fractures causing unplanned machine stoppages. The impact of such areas in engineering design is assessed with the aid of the “k - factors”, however , these factors cover only the effect of a single notch on the whole structural element. In mechanical engineering design it is common for multiple stress concentration areas to coexist adjacently, where the existing analytical theory cannot be used to assess the effect. The effect of adjacent step and keyway on a DIN CK45 shaft is investigated in the present paper. For this purpose, a DIN CK45 steel shaft specimen with a standardized keyway and a diameter-step has been tested under rotating bending to investigate the interaction of two distinct stress concentration areas. Analytical and num rical methods have bee used to support the conclusions. 2 8 he Authors. Published by Elsevier Lt . This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-rev ew under responsibility of the scien ific committ e of the 1 st Internat onal Conference of the G ek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials Keywords: Shaft; fatigue; steel; CK45; step; keyway; design; bending 1. Introduction Steel shafts are being used extensively as parts of industrial machinery. The need to transmit torque over a given distance is a common issue that is frequently being resolved with the use of steel shafts. When operating as a part of a 1 st I ter ati al fere ce f t e ree ciet f eri e tal ec a ics f aterials i t l l ti l ti e behavior of stepped CK45 shaft with adjacent key groove . . trits s, . . s l is, .I. i l s niversity of est Attica (for er Piraeus niversity of Applied Sciences, 250 Thivon Avenue, Egaleo, 12244, reece bstract Stress concentration areas such as key ays and shaft steps appear frequently used in echanical engineering design. Areas like these are characterized by difficulties in accurately predicting part operating lifeti e, often driving into pre ature fractures causing unplanned achine stoppages. The i pact of such areas in engineering design is assessed ith the aid of the “k - factors”, ho ever , these factors cover only the effect of a single notch on the hole structural ele ent. In echanical engineering design it is co on for ultiple stress concentration areas to coexist adjacently, here the existing analytical theory cannot be used to assess the effect. The effect of adjacent step and key ay on a I 45 shaft is investigated in the present paper. For this purpose, a I 45 steel shaft speci en ith a standardized key ay and a dia eter-step has been tested under rotating bending to investigate the interaction of t o distinct stress concentration areas. nalytical and nu erical ethods have been used to support the conclusions. 2018 The uthors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1 st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of aterials Keywords: Shaft; fatigue; steel; C 45; step; key ay; design; bending 1. Introduction Steel shafts are being used extensively as parts of industrial achinery. he need to trans it torque over a given distance is a co on issue that is frequently being resolved ith the use of steel shafts. hen operating as a part of a © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +30 210 5381236 E-mail address: kgiannakopoulos@teipir.gr Received: May 06, 2018; Received in revised form: June 26, 2018; Accepted: July 06, 2018 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +30 210 5381236 E- ail address: kgiannakopoulos teipir.gr Received: ay 06, 2018; Received in revised for : June 26, 2018; Accepted: July 06, 2018

2452- 3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1 st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials 2452- 3216 2018 The uthors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the - C-ND license (http://creativeco ons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Peer-revie under responsibility of the scientific co ittee of the 1 st International onference of the reek Society of Experi ental echanics of aterials

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1st International Conference of the Greek Society of Experimental Mechanics of Materials. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.09.040