PSI - Issue 46

David Liović et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 46 (2023) 42 – 48 D. Liovi ć et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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4. Conclusions Based on upper surface roughness measurements on the cubic specimens, it was found that average surface roughness increases with the scanning speed. At the scanning speed of 1500 mm/s average surface roughness reaches its maximum value at all power levels observed as part of this experimental design. Variability of the average surface roughness data, as well as standard deviation, reaches its minimum value at the scanning speed of 1000 mm/s. Based on porosity estimations, nearly full dense material can be manufactured using the laser power of 250 W, and scanning speed of 1250 mm/s. In addition to the shape and proportion of voids in the SLM-ed Ti6Al4V alloy, unfavorable orientation of prior β grain boundaries and the presence of intermetallic Ti 3 Al phase between layers, reduces elongation at break as well. Depending on the process parameters used, the orientation of the test specimens and applied heat treatment, the elongation at break of Ti6Al4V alloys manufactured using SLM range usually from 1% to 13%. In further work monotonic and low cycle fatigue test will be caried out to identify monotonic and elastoplastic material parameters of Ti6Al4V (ELI) Grade 23 alloy processed using SLM and conventional technologies in order to model its elastoplastic behavior, both during monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. Acknowledgements This work has been supported by Croatian Science Foundation under the project number IP-2019-04-3607 and by University of Rijeka under project number uniri-tehnic-18-34. The authors are grateful to LAMA FVG for manufacturing the test specimens and especially to Dr. Ing. Emanuele Vaglio PhD for providing valuable advice. References ASTM F1472-02a, Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium -6Aluminum -4Vanadium Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56400), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002 Cain, V., Thijs, L., Van Humbeeck, J., Van Hooreweder, B., Knutsen, R., 2015. Crack propagation and fracture toughness of Ti6Al4V alloy produced by selective laser melting. Additive Manufacturing 5, 68–76. Edwards, P., Ramulu, M., 2014. Fatigue performance evaluation of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V. Materials Science and Engineering A 598, 327–337. Facchini, L., Magalini, E., Robotti, P., Molinari, A., Höges, S., Wissenbach, K., 2010. Ductility of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by selective laser melting of prealloyed powders. Rapid Prototyping Journal 16(6), 450–459. Hartunian, P., Eshraghi, M., 2018. Effect of Build Orientation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser-Melted Ti 6Al-4V Alloy. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2(4), 69. Kasperovich, G., Haubrich, J., Gussone, J., Requena, G., 2016. Correlation between porosity and processing parameters in TiAl6V4 produced by selective laser melting. Materials and Design 105, 160–170. Kasperovich, G., Hausmann, J., 2015. Improvement of fatigue resistance and ductility of TiAl6V4 processed by selective laser melting. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 220, 202–214. Kotzem, D., Tazerout, D., Arold, T., Niendorf, T., Walther, F., 2021. Failure mode map for E-PBF manufactured Ti6Al4V sandwich panels. Engineering Failure Analysis 121, 105159. Mierzejewska, Z. A., Hudák, R., Sidun, J., 2019. Mechanical properties and microstructure of DMLS Ti6Al4V alloy dedicated to biomedical applications. Materials 12(1), 176. Pal, S., Gubeljak, N., Hudak, R., Lojen, G., Rajtukova, V., Predan, J., Kokol, V., Drstvensek, I., 2019. Tensile properties of selective laser melting products affected by building orientation and energy density. Materials Science and Engineering A 743, 637–647. Pal, S., Lojen, G., Gubeljak, N., Kokol, V., Drstvensek, I., 2020. Melting, fusion and solidification behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in selective laser melting at different scanning speeds. Rapid Prototyping Journal 26(7), 1209–1215. Shi, Q., Sun, Y., Yang, S., Van Dessel, J., Lübbers, H.-T., Zhong, S., Gu, Y., Bila, M., Dormaar, T., Schoenaers, J., Politis, C., 2021. Failure analysis of an in-vivo fractured patient-specific Ti6Al4V mandible reconstruction plate fabricated by selective laser melting. Engineering Failure Analysis 124, 105353. Tallon, J., Cyr, E., LIoyd, A., Mohammadi M., 2020. Crush Performance of Additively Manufactured Maraging Steel Microlattice Reinforced Plates. Engineering Failure Analysis 108, 104231. Viespoli, L. M., Bressan, S., Itoh, T., Hiyoshi, N., Prashnath, K. G., Berto, F., 2020. Creep and High Temperature Fatigue Performance of as Build Selective Laser Melted Ti-Based 6Al-4V Titanium Alloy. Engineering Failure Analysis 111, 104477. Vrancken, B., Thijs, L., Kruth, J. P., Van Humbeeck, J., 2012. Heat treatment of Ti6Al4V produced by Selective Laser Melting: Microstructure and mechanical properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 541, 177–185.